Propaganda techniques in literature and online political ads

English Language Arts (2004)

Grade 9

• Goal 3: The learner will examine argumentation and develop informed opinions.
  • Objective 3.01: Study argument by:
    • examining relevant reasons and evidence.
    • noting the progression of ideas that substantiate the proposal.
    • analyzing style, tone, and use of language for a particular effect.
    • identifying and analyzing personal, social, historical, or cultural influences contexts, or biases.
    • identifying and analyzing rhetorical strategies that support proposals.
  • Objective 3.02: Express an informed opinion that:
    • states clearly a personal view.
    • is logical and coherent.
    • engages the reader's interest or curiosity.
  • Objective 3.03: Support that informed opinion by:
    • providing relevant and convincing reasons.
    • using various types of evidence, such as experience or facts.
    • using appropriate and effective language, reasons, and organizational structure for the audience and purpose.
    • demonstrating awareness of the possible questions, concerns, or counterarguments of the audience.

Grade 10

• Goal 3: The learner will defend argumentative positions on literary or nonliterary issues.
  • Objective 3.02: Produce editorials or responses to editorials for a neutral audience by providing:
    • a clearly stated position or proposed solution.
    • relevant, reliable support.

Grade 11

• Goal 3: The learner will demonstrate increasing sophistication in defining issues and using argument effectively.
  • Objective 3.01: Use language persuasively in addressing a particular issue by:
    - finding and interpreting information effectively.
    - recognizing propaganda as a purposeful technique.
    - establishing and defending a point of view.
    -responding respectfully to viewpoints and biases.
  • Objective 3.03: Use argumentation for:
    - interpreting researched information effectively.
    - establishing and defending a point of view.
    - addressing concerns of the opposition.
    - using logical strategies (e.g., deductive and inductive reasoning, syllogisms, analogies) and sophisticated techniques (e.g., rhetorical devices, parallelism, irony, concrete images).
    -developing a sense of completion.

Grade 11 — Advanced Placement English Language

• Goal 3: The learner will create and sustain arguments based on readings, research, observations and personal experiences.
  • Objective 3.02: Create and sustain a response by:
    • evaluating print and electronic research materials to determine effectiveness and validity.
    • producing expository and argumentative compositions that introduce, defend, qualify or refute a complex central idea.
    • develop compositions with appropriate, specific evidence and cogent explanations.

Grade 12

• Goal 3: The learner will be prepared to enter issues of public concern as an advocate.
  • Objective 3.02: Organize and deliver an argument so that an intended audience respects it by:
    - wording the claim clearly.
    - specifying reasons in support of the claim that are likely to be convincing.
    -- adopting an appropriate tone and stance toward the issue.

Grade 12 — Advanced Placement English Literature

• Goal 3: The learner will develop an argument which addresses and assesses the human condition through a study of universal themes.
  • Objective 3.02: Compose, organize and deliver a convincing argument by:
    • making a concise thesis.
    • using credible reasoning and convincing detail to support the argument.
    • demonstrating an intellectually mature tone and stance.

Information Skills (2000)

Grade 9–12

• Goal 2: The learner will IDENTIFY and USE criteria for excellence to evaluate information and formats.
  • Objective 2.06: Recognize the power of media to influence.