LEARN NC

K–12 teaching and learning · from the UNC School of Education

Goal 4

The learner will critically analyze text to gain meaning, develop thematic connections, and synthesize ideas.

Objective 4.01

Interpret meaning for an audience by:
- examining the functions and the effects of narrative strategies such as plot, conflict, suspense, point of view, characterization, and dialogue.
- interpreting the effect of figures of speech (e.g., personification, oxymoron) and the effect of devices of sound (e.g., alliteration, onomatopoeia).
- analyzing stylistic features such as word choice and links between sense and sound.
- identifying ambiguity, contradiction, irony, parody, and satire.
- demonstrating how literary works reflect the culture that shaped them.

Resources aligned to this objective

Thematic and organizational patterns in McLaurin's "The Rite Time of Night"
Students will learn to identify and color-code thematic and organizational patterns found in the narrative and then use two-column note-taking to highlight how these patterns helped McLaurin give his story focus and organization. As a suggested follow-up activity, students are given ideas for writing their own narratives, using similar techniques as McLaurin.
Format: lesson plan (grade 9–11 English Language Arts)
By Vickie Smith.
A survivor's story: How does it really feel?
Students use oral history excerpts of a Hurricane Floyd survivor to explore the concept of contradiction or irony.
Format: lesson plan (multiple pages)
Singing the "Song of Life"
This lesson requires students to use their reading, comprehension, and analysis skills to analyze a poem and respond creatively to the selection.
Format: lesson plan (grade 11 English Language Arts)
By Angela Taylor.
One, two, three... go Poe!
In this lesson, students will be able to compare and contrast three short stories they have read by Edgar Allan Poe. The assignment will be divided into three parts: (1) They will have read and discussed or completed other classroom activities on each of the three stories. (2) They will work in small groups to brainstorm and create comparison/contrast charts that will be shared with the class. (3) Students will create their own graphic organizers based on the ideas shared in step two and then create a draft and final paper.
Format: lesson plan (grade 11 English Language Arts)
By Janie Peak.
Jonathan Edwards and the art of persuasion
In this lesson, students will study the elements of persuasive writing in Jonathan Edward's “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” according to the following criteria: speaker, audience, occasion, and means of persuasion, and then analyze a contemporary piece of writing, such as an advertisement, for similar elements.
Format: lesson plan (grade 11 English Language Arts)
By Dave Guiley.
Family story with research
Using the book, When The Legends Die and a Native American story-telling unit, students gather a family story of their own.
Format: lesson plan (grade 11 English Language Arts)
By Eric Broer.
Dynamic dialect: Horace Kephart and Our Southern Highlanders
Students will read an excerpt from Horace Kephart's Our Southern Highlanders and explore how language and dialect have changed over the years.
Format: lesson plan (grade 8 and 11–12 English Language Arts and Social Studies)
By Billie Clemens.

Resources on the web

Writing about writing: An extended metaphor assignment
In this lesson, students use Richard Wilbur's poem “The Writer” as an inspiration as they write their own extended metaphor describing themselves as writers. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 9 and 11 English Language Arts)
Provided by: IRA/NCTE
Word maps: Developing critical and analytical thinking about literary characters
In this lesson, students read the short story “After Twenty Years” by O. Henry and focus on the author's use of characterization. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 9 English Language Arts)
Provided by: IRA/NCTE
Weaving the multigenre web
In this lesson, students read novels, analyze the literary elements, and create a multigenre project to present information to their peers. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 9–12 English Language Arts)
Provided by: IRA/NCTE
Varying views of America
In this lesson, students work in a collaborative setting to examine the ways that perspective influences how individuals vary in their tone toward similar experience based on their point of view. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 11 English Language Arts)
Provided by: IRA/NCTE
That's not fair! Examining civil liberties with the U.S. Supreme Court
In this lesson, high school students work in collaborative groups to explore the issue of civil liberties by conducting Internet research on related court cases of their choosing. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 11 English Language Arts)
Provided by: IRA/NCTE
Style: Translating stylistic choices from Hawthorne to Hemingway and back again
In this lesson, students translate passages that demonstrate specific stylistic devices and then translate fables into the style of one of the authors they have been reading. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 11 English Language Arts)
Provided by: IRA/NCTE
So what do you think? Writing a review
After examining samples of movie, music, restaurant, and book reviews, students devise guidelines for writing interesting and informative reviews. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 9–12 English Language Arts)
Provided by: IRA/NCTE
Review redux: Introducing literary criticism through reception moments
Using literary critiques of Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun, students learn to place literature in social and historical context in order to identify reception moments. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 11 English Language Arts)
Provided by: IRA/NCTE
Reader response in Hypertext: Making personal connections to literature
In this lesson, students choose four quotations that inspire personal responses to a novel they have read and create a multi-genre project to express these feelings. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 11 English Language Arts)
Provided by: IRA/NCTE
The pros and cons of discussion
This comprehensive lesson challenges students to discuss the question, “Are people equal?” and compare their answers about current society to answers to the same question about Kurt Vonnegut's futuristic short story, “Harrison Bergeron”. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 11 English Language Arts)
Provided by: IRA/NCTE
Preparing a character for a new job: Character analysis through job placement
In this lesson, students act as employment counselors and design resumes and potential interview questions for literary characters in order to help prepare them for job interviews. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 11 English Language Arts)
Provided by: IRA/NCTE
Poetry: Sound and sense
In this lesson, students read and listen to several poems while concentrating on the author's language choices. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 11 English Language Arts)
Provided by: IRA/NCTE
Perspectives on the slave narrative
This lesson introduces students to one of the most widely-read genres of 19th-century American literature and an important influence within the African American literary tradition even today: the slave narrative. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 11–12 English Language Arts and Social Studies)
Provided by: National Endowment for the Humanities