LEARN NC

K–12 teaching and learning · from the UNC School of Education

Goal 4

The learner will critically analyze text to gain meaning, develop thematic connections, and synthesize ideas.

Objective 4.01

Interpret meaning for an audience by:
- examining the functions and the effects of narrative strategies such as plot, conflict, suspense, point of view, characterization, and dialogue.
- interpreting the effect of figures of speech (e.g., personification, oxymoron) and the effect of devices of sound (e.g., alliteration, onomatopoeia).
- analyzing stylistic features such as word choice and links between sense and sound.
- identifying ambiguity, contradiction, irony, parody, and satire.
- demonstrating how literary works reflect the culture that shaped them.

Resources aligned to this objective

Resources on the web

Outside in: Finding a character's heart through art
In this lesson, students explore the idea of alienation by examining Edward Hopper's art and Raymond Carver's fiction. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 9 and 11 English Language Arts)
Provided by: IRA/NCTE
Myth and truth: The Gettysburg Address
In this lesson, students explore myths surrounding the Gettysburg Address. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 11 English Language Arts)
Provided by: IRA/NCTE
Making connections to myth and folktale: The many ways to “Rainy Mountain”
In this assignment, students write a three-voice narrative based on N. Scott Momaday’s structure in The Way to Rainy Mountain. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 9 and 11 English Language Arts)
Provided by: IRA/NCTE
Literary parodies: Exploring a writer's style through imitation
In this lesson, students analyze the features of a poet's work and then create their own poems based on the original model. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 9 and 11 English Language Arts)
Provided by: IRA/NCTE
Lights, camera, action...music: Critiquing films using sight and sound
In this lesson, students learn to evaluate elements of cinematography as a literary text. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 11 English Language Arts)
Provided by: IRA/NCTE
Life on the Great Plains
Students examine the concept of geographic region by exploring the history of the Great Plains. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 11–12 English Language Arts and Social Studies)
Provided by: National Endowment for the Humanities
Is a sentence a poem?
In this lesson, students analyze syntax, imagery, and meaning in a chosen one-sentence poem to decide what makes it a poem. Then students write one-sentence poems describing a picture. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 9–12 English Language Arts)
Provided by: IRA/NCTE
Identifying and understanding the fallacies used in advertising
Students examine the fallacies that they encounter daily through exposure to advertising. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 9–12 English Language Arts)
Provided by: IRA/NCTE
"Hamlet" and the Elizabethan Revenge Ethic in Text and Film
This lesson contains a set of five activities for students to explore the themes of honor, loyalty, and revenge in selected scenes from Hamlet. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 9–12 English Language Arts)
Provided by: National Endowment for the Humanities
Focus on first lines: Increasing comprehension through prediction strategies
In this lesson, students examine opening sentences in literary works and make predictions about the content of the texts they will read later. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 9–12 English Language Arts)
Provided by: IRA/NCTE
Faulkner's "As I Lay Dying": Crossing the River
Students consider the symbolism of the river crossing in As I Lay Dying and how Faulkner's use of multiple narrative perspectives relates to the author's thematic concerns. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 9–12 English Language Arts)
Provided by: National Endowment for the Humanities
Families in Bondage
Uses letters written by African Americans in slavery and by free blacks to loved ones still in bondage to give students a glimpse into slavery and its effects on African American family life. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 11–12 English Language Arts and Social Studies)
Provided by: National Endowment for the Humanities
Exploring satire with The Simpsons
Using the images from the television show, The Simpsons, students explore the elements of satire—exaggeration, incongruity, reversal, and parody. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 9 and 11 English Language Arts)
Provided by: IRA/NCTE
Exploring audience and purpose with a single issue
In this lesson, students explore the rhetorical concept of audience and purpose by focusing on an issue that divided Americans in 1925—the debate of evolution versus creationism raised by the Scopes Monkey Trial. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 9 English Language Arts)
Provided by: IRA/NCTE
Edgar Allen Poe, Ambrose Bierce, and the unreliable biographers
Students become literary sleuths, attempting to separate biographical reality from myth. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 11–12 English Language Arts and Social Studies)
Provided by: National Endowment for the Humanities
Designing museum exhibits for “The Grapes of Wrath”: A multigenre project
In this lesson, students read The Grapes of Wrath and create multigenre projects that explore issues from the Depression era. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 11 English Language Arts)
Provided by: IRA/NCTE
Decoding “The Matrix”: Exploring dystopian characteristics through film
In this lesson, students are introduced to the definition and characteristics of a dystopian work by watching video clips from The Matrix and other dystopian films. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 9–12 English Language Arts)
Provided by: IRA/NCTE
Copyright infringement or not? The debate over downloading music
In this lesson, students investigate the controversial topic of downloading music from the Internet as part of a persuasive debate unit. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 9 English Language Arts)
Provided by: IRA/NCTE
Broken worlds
This lesson, one of a multi-part unit from ARTSEDGE, provides a variety of options for conducting comparative analysis between two plays. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 11 English Language Arts)
Provided by: The Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts
Audio listening practices: Exploring personal experiences with audio texts
In this lesson designed to develop students’ involvement with media literacy, students keep a daily diary that records how and when they listen to radio, music (e.g., songs on MP3 players, podcasting), and other streaming media or archived broadcasts. (Learn more)
Format: lesson plan (grade 9–11 English Language Arts)
Provided by: IRA/NCTE