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An ancient Hindu kingdom
In East from India: Cambodia and Southern Vietnam, page 1
This damaged brick and stone Cham tower stands overgrown by vegetation in a rural area south of Hai An, Vietnam. Tall arched forms are characteristic of these monuments built by ethnic Chams between the seventh and twelfth century
By Lorraine Aragon.
Cambodia: A timeline
Major events and eras in the history of what is now Cambodia from the beginning of the Common Era to the present.
The bow of Siva
In The Ramayana, page 1.4
Here, Rama draws an arrow across his bow at a Ramayana dance performance held at Yogyakarta in July 1986. The Rama dancer wears a golden crown and a gold-trimmed red sash across his bare chest. He also wears the "broken sword" pattern batik of Yogyakarta's...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Ravana tempts Sita
In The Ramayana, page 2.13
The demon king Ravana visits the captured Princess Sita in a wooden puppet theater performance at Yogyakarta in July 1986. The Ravana puppet, here painted with red skin unlike his green-skinned counterpart in Thai mural art, waves a powerful sword at Princess...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Hanuman's revenge
In The Ramayana, page 3.11
Hanuman burns Ravana's city in a danced stage performance at held at Prambanan Temple in Java in July 1986. To enact Hanuman's burning of Ravana's city in performance, a bonfire was built behind a columned fence on a stone promontory near the Prabanan temple....
By Lorraine Aragon.
A bridge of stone
In The Ramayana, page 4.8
A carved stone stele at Prambanan Temple shows monkeys helping Rama by bringing stones for the bridge he wants to build to Ravana's demon island of Lanka. Realistically portrayed, the naked monkeys in this carved bas relief walk together in line carrying rounded...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Rama's jealousy
In The Ramayana, page 7.1
A stone stele at Prambanan Temple shows Sita sitting and talking with a monkey. Realistically portrayed, the monkey at left in this carved bas relief sits cross-legged and gestures his hands forward with the palms turned up. Sita also sits cross-legged facing...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Cham tower overgrown by vegetation south of Hai An
Cham tower overgrown by vegetation south of Hai An
A damaged brick and stone Cham tower stands overgrown by vegetation in a rural area south of Hai An. Tall arched forms are characteristic of these monuments built by ethnic Chams between the seventh and twelfth century A.D. Maritime trade between India and...
Format: image/photograph
Cham tower with repair scaffolding in Po Nagar complex at Nha Trang
Cham tower with repair scaffolding in Po Nagar complex at Nha Trang
Scaffolds allowing workers to climb and make repairs are seen at the right and left sides of one of the main Cham towers in the Po Nagar complex at Nha Trang. Tall arched forms are characteristic of these monuments built of brick and stone by ethnic Chams...
Format: image/photograph
Cham tower seen through an archway in Po Nagar complex at Nha Trang
Cham tower seen through an archway in Po Nagar complex at Nha Trang
A Cham tower with ascending smaller levels and rounded corner towers is seen through an archway in the Po Nagar complex at Nha Trang. Tall arched forms are characteristic of these monuments built of brick and stone by ethnic Chams between the seventh and twelfth...
Format: image/photograph
Detail carving of dancing Hindu deity and musicians on Cham tower at Nha Trang
Detail carving of dancing Hindu deity and musicians on Cham tower at Nha Trang
A low relief carving depicts a dancing Hindu deity and musicians on a Cham tower at the Po Nagar complex at Nha Trang. The larger central figure has four arms and wears a crown. Two smaller figures accompany her, one playing a flute. The central figure resembles...
Format: image/photograph
Eighth century Cham stone statue of Hindu god Ganesha at Danang Museum
Eighth century Cham stone statue of Hindu god Ganesha at Danang Museum
This stone statue of the Hindu god Ganesha, located at the Danang Museum, was carved by Chams during the eighth century. The statue portrays Ganesha standing erect with his elephant head and human body. Barefoot but dressed in a fine draped tunic, Ganesha...
Format: image/photograph
Javanese dancer portraying Rama at theater performance in Yogyakarta
Javanese dancer portraying Rama at theater performance in Yogyakarta
A Javanese dancer portrays Rama in a theatrical performance at the royal capital city of Yogyakarta, on the island of Java, Indonesia, in July 1986. The dancer is positioned in a refined male dance pose, resting on one knee with the other foot bent forward...
Format: image/photograph
Rama and Sita in wooden puppet performance of Ramayana at Yogyakarta
Rama and Sita in wooden puppet performance of Ramayana at Yogyakarta
Rama and Sita figures converse in the foreground during a wooden puppet performance of the Ramayana at Yogyakarta in July 1986. A third puppet listens in the background at right. The faces of the wooden puppets are carefully painted, and the bodies are dressed...
Format: image/photograph
Sita sits cross-legged wearing royal Javanese dress in Ramayana dance at Yogyakarta
Sita sits cross-legged wearing royal Javanese dress in Ramayana dance at Yogyakarta
Sita sits cross-legged wearing royal Javanese dress in a Ramayana dance performed at Yogyakarta in July 1986. Her eyes gaze forward and her hands rest overlapping on her lap. Her bare toes are flexed. To the Javanese this pose is intended to suggest calm refinement...
Format: image/photograph
Rama dancer draws bow and arrow at Ramayana performance in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Rama dancer draws bow and arrow at Ramayana performance in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Rama draws an arrow across his bow at a Ramayana dance performance held at Yogyakarta in July 1986. The Rama dancer wears a golden crown and a gold-trimmed red sash across his bare chest. He also wears the "broken sword" pattern batik of Yogyakarta's royal...
Format: image/photograph
Javanese dancer plays demon king Ravana in Ramayana performance at Yogyakarta
Javanese dancer plays demon king Ravana in Ramayana performance at Yogyakarta
A Javanese dancer poses as the demon king Ravana in a Ramayana performance at Yogyakarta in July 1986. He wears dark red make-up and a painted black moustache to look fierce. Long black hair hangs below his tall red and gold crown. In addition to his crown...
Format: image/photograph
Demon Ravana visits the captured Sita in wooden puppet performance at Yogyakarta
Demon Ravana visits the captured Sita in wooden puppet performance at Yogyakarta
The demon king Ravana visits the captured Princess Sita in a wooden puppet theater performance at Yogyakarta in July 1986. The Ravana puppet, here painted with red skin unlike his green-skinned counterpart in Thai mural art, waves a powerful sword at Princess...
Format: image/photograph
Wooden Hanuman puppet in Ramayana performance at Yogyakarta
Wooden Hanuman puppet in Ramayana performance at Yogyakarta
A wooden Hanuman puppet used in a Ramayana performance at Yogyakarta in July 1986 wears a royal Yogyakarta-style batik cloth wrapped around its waist. Above the waist, the puppet is covered in white fuzzy cloth to represent Hanuman's monkey fur. Hanuman's...
Format: image/photograph
Hanuman and demon king Ravana wooden puppets in battle at Yogyakarta performance
Hanuman and demon king Ravana wooden puppets in battle at Yogyakarta performance
The monkey god Hanuman and the demon king Ravana puppets face each other in battle at a July 1986 performance in Yogyakarta. Once Ravana's guards capture Hanuman, Ravana tries several methods of killing him, which all fail because of Hanuman's immortal powers....
Format: image/photograph