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- Conjunction of the Cape Fear River and the Northeast Cape Fear River
- In Cape Fear estuaries: From river to sea, page 4
- The town of Wilmington is located at the junction of the Northeast Cape Fear and Cape Fear rivers. In this photo the Cape Fear River is entering from the bottom. The water in the Cape Fear River is just turning salty as it reaches Wilmington, the zero salinity...
- By Steve Keith.
- Living in a salt marsh
- In Hurricanes on sandy shorelines: Lessons for development, page 18
- Figure 15 shows an extreme example of siting a house as far as possible from the beachfront. This one appears to be built mostly on the salt marsh on the landward side of the island. It survived Hurricanes Dennis and Floyd without a scratch, but storm surges...
- By Dirk Frankenberg.
- The northern Outer Banks
- In Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks, page 1
- The United States is currently experiencing a population boom along its eastern coast, and the development of beaches and coastal areas is taking place at an alarming rate. As humans invade the coastal zone, more and more reports are heard of erosion and property...
- By Blair Tormey and Dirk Frankenberg.
- Nags Head Woods: A maritime forest
- In Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks, page 2
- In many cases, the natural processes on the Outer Banks evolve from predetermined conditions, as exemplified by the landscape of Nags Head Woods. Nags Head Woods is a mature maritime forest that is bounded on three sides by the large dune complex of Jockey's...
- By Blair Tormey and Dirk Frankenberg.
- Plant and animal species in Nags Head Woods
- In Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks, page 3
- A short walk along the trails of the Nature Conservancy gives a spectacular glimpse of the great diversity of this barrier island maritime forest. Nags Head Woods is home to more than 300 species of plants, including eleven species of oak, ten ferns, three...
- By Blair Tormey and Dirk Frankenberg.
- Dune formation
- In Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks, page 4
- The migration of dunes in response to the prevailing winds is an important process on the Outer Banks. Nags Head Woods is flanked on three sides by large dune fields. To the north of the woods is the Run Hill dune field. Run Hill Dune is an unusually large,...
- By Blair Tormey and Dirk Frankenberg.
- Vegetation and dunes
- In Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks, page 5
- The northeast winds are generally stronger than those from the southwest, causing the Run Hill Dune to migrate overall to the southwest. Though sea oats, sea grapes, and American beach grass growing on the dune tend to slow its migration, there is simply not...
- By Blair Tormey and Dirk Frankenberg.
- Dune migration
- In Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks, page 6
- At the northern border of Nags Head Woods, one can see clear evidence of the migration of Run Hill Dune into and over Nag Head Woods due to the stronger northeast winds. This migration is occurring rapidly enough to bury entire trees within a matter of years...
- By Blair Tormey and Dirk Frankenberg.
- Burying Nags Head Woods
- In Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks, page 7
- Figure 6 is a view to the northwest, showing the Run Hill Dune migrating over Nags Head Woods. Notice the steep slope of the southwestern face of the dune, formed by the strong northeast winds.
- By Blair Tormey and Dirk Frankenberg.
- Nonnative grasses at Run Hill Dune
- In Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks, page 8
- The Run Hill Dune is owned by the Nature Conservancy, and few attempts have been made to stop or slow its migration. This is largely because the dune is migrating over undeveloped portions of Nags Head Woods and thus poses no threat to major economic interests....
- By Blair Tormey and Dirk Frankenberg.
- Jockey's Ridge
- In Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks, page 9
- Jockey's Ridge is the largest of the four remaining large dunes on the Outer Banks. The dune's immense size and its proximity to economic interests such as Route 158 have resulted in various attempts to control its migration. But the planting of American beach...
- By Blair Tormey and Dirk Frankenberg.
- The unpainted aristocracy of Nags Head
- In Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks, page 10
- In northern Nags Head some seaside homes have survived the frequent storms of the Outer Banks. Located near the intersection of Virginia Dare Trail (NC 12) and East Soundside Drive, these “unpainted aristocracy” homes are the oldest summer cottages...
- By Blair Tormey and Dirk Frankenberg.
- Coquina Beach
- In Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks, page 12
- Storm overwash is one of the more prevalent processes with which humans must cope on the Outer Banks. During storms, large volumes of sand are eroded from the seaward side of the islands and redeposited in large overwash fans, which extend landward across...
- By Blair Tormey and Dirk Frankenberg.
- Surviving storms
- In Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks, page 11
- The first house on northern Nags Head was built by W. G. Pool, a doctor from Elizabeth City. Many of Dr. Pool's friends followed his lead — mostly because he gave them seaside lots as gifts — and a new era of seaside living began on the Outer Banks....
- By Blair Tormey and Dirk Frankenberg.
- Vegetation as a protective barrier
- In Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks, page 13
- Vegetation on the dunes at Coquina Beach plays a crucial role in their ability to protect the island from storm overwash. Close inspection of the partially eroded primary dune offers a unique view of the anastomosing pattern of rhizomes that help to stabilize...
- By Blair Tormey and Dirk Frankenberg.
- Overwash at Coquina Beach
- In Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks, page 14
- During the Halloween Storm of 1991, the primary palisade dune at Coquina Beach was breached, causing extensive damage to the Park Service facilities. This overwash event filled the earlier bathhouse with sand and ripped up entire sections of what was once...
- By Blair Tormey and Dirk Frankenberg.
- Recreation and dune stability
- In Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks, page 15
- The National Park Service has allowed nature to take its course at Coquina Beach. Although the palisade dunes built in the 1930s continue to buffer the beach from frequent overwash events, heavy recreational use has threatened the stability of the dunes. Humans...
- By Blair Tormey and Dirk Frankenberg.
- Oregon Inlet
- In Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks, page 16
- The formation and migration of inlets is another important natural process that takes place on the Outer Banks. Inlets perform two primary functions during storms. They allow the storm surge that piles up in the sound to escape, and they also allow the fresh...
- By Blair Tormey and Dirk Frankenberg.
- Keeping Oregon Inlet open
- In Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks, page 17
- At the southern end of the Herbert C. Bonner Bridge, the foundations are in serious jeopardy, as the channel of Oregon Inlet continues to migrate southward. To protect the bridge, the Army Corps of Engineers has constructed an extensive seawall to armor the...
- By Blair Tormey and Dirk Frankenberg.
- Buxton overwash
- In Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks, page 18
- The Buxton overwash zone is located where the orientation of the island bends to form Cape Hatteras. The Buxton overwash zone has been the site of rapid shoreline retreat, frequent overwash, and the formation of inlets such as the Cape Inlet, Chacandepeco...
- By Blair Tormey and Dirk Frankenberg.