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Sawgrass fronts blackwater swamp forest (2): In A blackwater river from sea to source: The White Oak River transect, page 16; Figure 14 is the bank of the White Oak opposite that shown in figure 13. The swamp forest community shown in the background of figure 13 is growing right to the edge of the water here. Note the large loblolly pines in the right foreground and some bald cypress...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Cape Fear estuaries: Introduction: In Cape Fear estuaries: From river to sea, page 1; A quiet afternoon on the dock overlooking the Cape Fear estuary, fishing with friends. A gentle breeze clatters the marsh reeds and sends ripples floating across the water. A vision of stability and tranquility. Unfortunately, this vision is entirely misleading....; By Steve Keith.

Bald Head Island: We have arrived at last to the Atlantic Ocean. On the left side of the inlet is Bald Head Island and on the right is Fort Caswell on the eastern tip of Oak Island. In the foreground is Soutport. The inlet is about one mile across. Notice that the boat traffic...; By Steve Keith.

The “knees” of cypress: In Wetlands of the coastal plains, page 11; The other major adaptations of cypress and gums to flooded soils is their characteristic root extensions called “knees” shown in Figures 10 and 11. These structures are gas exchange systems within which oxygen from the air is conducted along the...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Bare knees: In Wetlands of the coastal plains, page 12; In this closeup we can see that the knee is specialized for gas exchange by having no bark, thereby providing the feature that gives the bald cypress its common name.; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Estuaries in North Carolina: A primer: Estuaries are places near the coast where freshwater and saltwater mix. Influenced by ocean forces yet partly sheltered from them, estuaries have unique and fascinating ecologies. This article explains what estuaries are, their geology and role in the larger...; By Waverly Harrell and Jennifer Godwin-Wyer.

Bird watching made elementary: Observing and identifying birds can be a gateway to a variety of learning experiences. This primer will get you started birding.; By Linda Dow.

Learning from a tree: Observation of a single tree throughout the year can be the starting point for explorations of nature, life science, and environmental science.; By Linda Dow.

Mountain balds: In Elevations and forest types along the Blue Ridge Parkway, page 8; Many high-elevation areas of the Blue Ridge have no trees. As a result these areas are called balds. The origin and persistence of mountain balds is poorly understood. Some scientists claim that they form in areas particularly susceptible to fires...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

An exposed bald: In Elevations and forest types along the Blue Ridge Parkway, page 9; Figure 8 shows a maximally exposed site near the top of Craggy Garden Pinnacle at 5500 feet. Note the exposed rock with pioneer plants growing on the thin soils that have collected in depressions, and the grasses and heath shrubs in the more heavily vegetated...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Rhododendron shrub bald: In Elevations and forest types along the Blue Ridge Parkway, page 10; Figure 9 shows the interior of a rhododendron shrub bald at about 5500 feet. Note the close spacing of the rhododendrons and the herb layer of ferns and wildflowers. These thicket habitats are attractive both from a distance and up close when the flowers are...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

From grassy bald to forest: In Elevations and forest types along the Blue Ridge Parkway, page 11; Figure 10 shows an early stage in the succession from grassy bald to forest at 5300 feet. Note the grasses growing thickly under the thickening stand of small maples and mountain ash. These trees appear to be saplings, but age determinations of this size trees...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Why are the rocks and plant communities of Roan Mountain interesting to natural scientists?: In Roan Mountain Highlands, page 2; The rocks of Roan Mountain are interesting because of their age, their mineralogy, and the evidence they provide about the geological processes that formed them. The plant communities are interesting because they are southern examples of communities usually...; By Dirk Frankenberg and Jennifer Godwin-Wyer.

Roan massif: In Roan Mountain Highlands, page 3; We begin the fieldtrip during our approach to the Roan massif as shown in Figure 1. Geologists call an elevated mass of the earth's surface a massif if it is large and has several separate peaks along its crest. The Roan Mountain highlands meet...; By Dirk Frankenberg and Jennifer Godwin-Wyer.

Tree-ring dating: In Intrigue of the Past, page 2.5; In their study of dendrochronology, students use activity sheets and a discussion to apply principles of dendrochronology to determine a tree's age and to recognize climatic variation. They will also analyze and experience how archaeologists can sometimes use tree rings to date archaeological evidence and study past climates.; Format: lesson plan (grade 5 Science)

Rock art: In Intrigue of the Past, page 5.3; Students will use art materials, drawings, and rock art examples to differentiate between symbol, petroglyph, pictograph, and rock art. They will also interpret rock art to illustrate its importance in the cultural heritage of a people and as a tool for learning about the past.; Format: lesson plan (grade 4 and 8 Visual Arts Education and Social Studies)

A grassy bald: In Roan Mountain Highlands, page 4; Figure 2 shows the grassy bald on Round Bald with ancient gneiss exposed in the foreground, and other grassy balds on high ridge crests in the background. The gneiss here looks pretty dull because its separation of minerals is masked by weathering and lichen...; By Jennifer Godwin-Wyer and Dirk Frankenberg.

Grassy bald community: In Roan Mountain Highlands, page 5; Figure 3 shows another close-up view of the grassy bald community. The nearby Roan High Knob with its spruce/fir forest is in the background. Taken together, Figures 1–3 are designed to give you a sense of how the major plant communities of the Roan...; By Jennifer Godwin-Wyer and Dirk Frankenberg.

Plutonic gabbro: In Roan Mountain Highlands, page 8; Figure 6 shows the other major rock type at the crest of Roan Mountain. The dark rock in the foreground is the Bakersville gabbro described in the Introduction. It formed as a molten intrusion into the gneiss about 750 million years ago, and was carried upward...; By Jennifer Godwin-Wyer and Dirk Frankenberg.

Grassy bald with spruce and rhododendron: In Roan Mountain Highlands, page 10; Figure 8 shows the grassy bald at the crest of the Roan with spruce-fir forest and rhododendron. Figure 8 also signals a change in this fieldtrip's focus from geology to ecology. The grassy bald mystery deepens with views like the one shown here. The bald...; By Jennifer Godwin-Wyer and Dirk Frankenberg.

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LEARN NC, a program of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Education, finds the most innovative and successful practices in K–12 education and makes them available to the teachers and students of North Carolina — and the world.