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Town Creek Indian Mound: In Clays of the Piedmont: Origins, recovery, and use, page 5; The Town Creek Indian Mound has been one of the longest and most thoroughly investigated archeological sites in the state. Its owner, L. D. Frutchey, recognized it as a significant Indian construction in the early 1930s and showed the site to the head of the...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

The Piedmont's first human inhabitants: In Clays of the Piedmont: Origins, recovery, and use, page 4; The first human inhabitants of the Piedmont to make use of its clays were the American Indians. People who lived along the banks of the Potomac and Savannah Rivers discovered the seemingly miraculous transformation of mud into stone by heat about 4500 years...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Fundamental concepts: Introduction: In Intrigue of the Past, page 1.1; British archaeologist Stuart Piggott once called archaeology “the science of rubbish.” There is truth to his statement. Archaeologists spend lifetimes investigating the abandoned remains of ancient societies.

Gridding a site: In Intrigue of the Past, page 2.2; In their study of how to grid a site, students will use a map and the Cartesian coordinate system to establish a grid system over an archaeological site, labeling each grid unit; determine the location of artifacts within each grid unit; and construct a scientific inquiry concerning the location of artifacts on the site.; Format: lesson plan (grade 6–7 Mathematics and Social Studies)

Artifact classification: In Intrigue of the Past, page 2.4; Students will use pictures of artifacts or objects from a teaching kit to classify artifacts and answer questions about the lifeways of a group of historic Native Americans.; Format: lesson plan (grade 4 Social Studies)

Shadows of a people: Introduction: In Intrigue of the Past, page 4.1; Lessons in this part stand alone, yet link to and expand on some tidbit in Chapter 3. They focus emphasize that the “Indians” Columbus met were not frozen in time as many people even today believe. Their history is one of time passage, of journeys, of adaptations, of settling, of interactions, of conflict—everything that is the fabric of life.

A Siouan village: In Intrigue of the Past, page 4.6; In their study of an excavated village site, students will record observations about a site feature and infer how past peoples used individual features and the site as a whole. They will also summarize how archaeologists use observation and inference to determine past lifeways.; Format: lesson plan (grade 4 Social Studies)

Archaeological sites open to the public: A listing of field trip opportunities focusing on Native Americans as well as colonial times in North Carolina. Organized by county.; Format: article

The pathfinders: In Intrigue of the Past, page 3.2; An essay covering the pathfinders of the Paleoindian Period. Learn about the trek across Beringia and the lifeways of these early American Indians.

The forest people: In Intrigue of the Past, page 3.3; Paleoindian culture died out across North America by 8000 BC. Archaeologists say this was bound to happen. The Ice Age had ended, the megafauna were extinct, and the boreal forests faded as deciduous ones spread across the East in the warmer climate. Faced with significant environmental changes, the Native Americans adapted. Archaeologists call their way of life and the time in which they lived Archaic.

The pottery makers: In Intrigue of the Past, page 3.4; Archaeologists do a bit of shrugging when asked about the Woodland—that time and lifeway tucked between 1000 BC and AD 1000. Some things they readily understand, but others leave them wondering.

The village farmers: In Intrigue of the Past, page 3.5; North Carolina sat on a crossroads by AD 1000. Cultural ideas from other places breezed through it and around it: how to decorate pottery, how to orient political and social life, how to honor the dead, how to structure towns.

First peoples: In Prehistory, contact, and the Lost Colony, page 2.1; Beringia was a wide land bridge between Alaska and Siberia that was periodically exposed during the last Great Ice Age. According to a widely-held theory, the first people to live in North America were Asians who followed animal herds across Beringia. The Paleoindians living in North Carolina by 9000 BCE were descendents of these first North Americans. Nobody knows how long it took before the first Paleoindians reached North Carolina, but the few artifacts they left create an image of their past.; Format: article

Juan Pardo, the Indians of Guatari, and first contact: In Prehistory, contact, and the Lost Colony, page 3.4; The Guatari Indians lived in an influential settlement near Trading Ford and were led by a female chief. In 1567, they encountered Spanish explorers led by Captain Juan Pardo who came through the North Carolina Piedmont with grand hopes of creating a powerful empire.; Format: article

Excavation block: An exavation block at Occaneechi Town with plowed soil removed. The dark stains are archaeological features.; Format: image/photograph

Occaneechi excavation tasks: Photograph of students engaged in various excavation tasks at Occaneechi Town.; Format: image/photograph

Establishing the site grid: Photograph of students using a transit to establish a grid line at Occaneechi Town.; Format: image/photograph

Occaneechi Town excavation grid: Illustration of a portion of the Occaneechi Town excavation grid. (North is at the top of the map.); Format: image/illustration

Removing plowed soil: Photograph of students excavating and sifting plowed soil at Occaneechi Town.; Format: image/photograph

Troweling the subsoil at Occaneechi Town: Photograph of students troweling a large excavated area at Occaneechi Town.; Format: image/photograph

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