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- How do hurricanes cause damage to coastal infrastructure?
- In Hurricanes on sandy shorelines: Lessons for development, page 2.1
- A fully formed hurricane carries three major threats to coastal development: low atmospheric pressure, high surface winds, and heavy rainfall. These threats are realized in different ways. Low central pressure becomes a threat when...
- By Dirk Frankenberg.
- Colonial restrictions on pottery
- In Clays of the Piedmont: Origins, recovery, and use, page 8
- European colonists recognized clay as an important resource in developing their agricultural economy. Surprisingly, the king's governors restricted the manufacture of pottery because the British economic model for the empire (called mercantilism)...
- By Dirk Frankenberg.
- Communicating with parents at the beginning of the year
- In The First Year, page 1.3
- Start communicating with parents at the beginning of the year, to establish a relationship before you have anything negative to say.
- By Kristi Johnson Smith.
- Three weeks and counting: What winter break might really mean
- In The First Year, page 2.9
- Your students might not be looking forward to a break in their routine as much as you think.
- By Kristi Johnson Smith.
- “Discoverie of Guiana”
- In Sir Walter Raleigh and South America, page 5
- Raleigh's 1596 account of his search of El Dorado became a sensation when it was published in England. The book describes Raleigh's motives of treasure hunting and empire building. Some excerpts with annotations are included below.*...
- By William M. Wisser.
- Dune erosion on Oak Island (2)
- In Hurricanes on sandy shorelines: Lessons for development, page 12
- Figure 9 shows another set of oceanfront houses after Hurricane Floyd's landfall. This dune, too, has been flattened, leaving some houses standing on the beach and some not standing at all. Note, however, that the beach under the house in the foreground is...
- By Dirk Frankenberg.
- Dune erosion on Oak Island (1)
- In Hurricanes on sandy shorelines: Lessons for development, page 11
- Shoreface construction on southeastern barrier islands rarely fares well when hurricanes make landfall over them. Figure 8 shows how this generalization played out on Oak Island during Hurricane Floyd. The houses were behind a small primary dune before the...
- By Dirk Frankenberg.
- Houses set back from the shoreline
- In Hurricanes on sandy shorelines: Lessons for development, page 13
- Figure 10 shows another view of the Oak Island beach after Floyd. The beach here looks much like it did before the hurricane. The only real evidence of damage is the modest cliff formed at the front of the dunefield. There is no evidence of damage to shorefront...
- By Dirk Frankenberg.
- Houses built too close to shore
- In Hurricanes on sandy shorelines: Lessons for development, page 14
- Figure 11 shows a row of houses near those in Figure 10. These were not set back far from the average high tide line. All of these houses are now on the upper edge of the beach, and sea water washes around their foundations at high tide. There is a real question...
- By Dirk Frankenberg.
- Hurricane overwash fan and houses
- In Hurricanes on sandy shorelines: Lessons for development, page 15
- Figure 12 shows some of the sand that was washed off the beach on Oak Island by Floyd. As we saw in the photos of Masonboro and Topsail Islands shown in Figures 6 and 7, some of Oak Island's beach sand ended up in an overwash fan landward of the original dune...
- By Dirk Frankenberg.
- Figure Eight Island
- In Hurricanes on sandy shorelines: Lessons for development, page 17
- We now turn our attention to Figure Eight Island, a privately owned island about 25 miles north of Oak Island and Hurricane Floyd's landfall. Although Figure Eight Island was not the site of hurricane landfall in 1999, it was in the sector of Hurricane Floyd...
- By Dirk Frankenberg.
- Living in a salt marsh
- In Hurricanes on sandy shorelines: Lessons for development, page 18
- Figure 15 shows an extreme example of siting a house as far as possible from the beachfront. This one appears to be built mostly on the salt marsh on the landward side of the island. It survived Hurricanes Dennis and Floyd without a scratch, but storm surges...
- By Dirk Frankenberg.
- Preserving the forest canopy
- In Hurricanes on sandy shorelines: Lessons for development, page 20
- Figure 17 shows another house sited in the maritime forest. As with the house shown in Figure 16, its roof extends the shape of the forest canopy. In addition, this one has a driveway that was built without destroying the forest above it. This was another...
- By Dirk Frankenberg.
- Living in dunefields
- In Hurricanes on sandy shorelines: Lessons for development, page 21
- If you don't build in a maritime forest on a barrier island, you probably will have to build in the dunefields or the mid-island flats. Most houses on Figure Eight are built on one or the other. Figure 18 shows three choices for construction on nearshore dunes....
- By Dirk Frankenberg.
- Living near the beachfront
- In Hurricanes on sandy shorelines: Lessons for development, page 22
- Figure 19 shows a well-constructed house sited on a low beachfront lot. As on Oak Island, this lot was overwashed by Hurricane Floyd's storm surge and surface waves. This house withstood this onslaught as well as any beachfront property could be expected to,...
- By Dirk Frankenberg.
- Hurricane-resistant construction
- In Hurricanes on sandy shorelines: Lessons for development, page 23
- Figure 20 shows construction of a house clearly designed to function as a pier during extreme weather. Note the number and size of the support timbers and the surf breaking on the beach in the near background. Rarely does one see human efforts to overcome...
- By Dirk Frankenberg.
- Masonboro Island
- In Small sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 3
- The two islands visited on this trip, Masonboro and Topsail, have very low sand volumes. Masonboro Island is a part of the National Research Reserve system and is completely undeveloped. Topsail Island has been developed for residential use and has the roads,...
- By Dirk Frankenberg.
- Beach and berm
- In Small sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 4
- Figure 2 shows another view of the same rather dull topography of beach and berm. A little life can be seen in the middle background where pioneering sand dune plants have established a precarious roothold. In the left background you can see where sand has...
- By Dirk Frankenberg.
- Beachfront mansion
- In Small sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 15
- Figure 13 shows a recently built beachfront mansion on the even more recently flattened topography of North Topsail. Note the tilted beach access steps indicative of damage from Hurricanes Dennis and/or Floyd in 1999. Note also the corner iron for the lot...
- By Dirk Frankenberg.
- Beach erosion
- In Small sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 16
- Figure 14 shows how beach erosion has undermined the deck and foundations of the houses in the foreground and apparently has threatened to do the same in the multifamily dwelling behind them. Note the remnants of an earlier dune on the right, and the roadway...
- By Dirk Frankenberg.
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