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- The rise of Populism
- In North Carolina in the New South, page 7.1
- American farmers faced new economic difficulties after the Civil War. In response, they organized to promote cooperation and to defend their interests politically. In the 1890s, they joined with labor unions to create the People's (or Populist) Party.
- Format: article
- Alice P. Evitt oral history excerpt (labor unions)
- Alice P. Evitt was born in 1898 and began working at the cotton mills near Charlotte, North Carolina in 1910 when she was 12 years old. She worked 12 hours a day, every day except Sunday, and earned 25 cents a day for her work. Here, Ms. Evitt describes her...
- Format: audio/interview
- Labor unions in the cotton mills
- This lesson for grades 11–12 will help students recognize the value of primary sources in studying and understanding history. Students will learn about the labor union movement in the U.S. by listening to oral histories, and will deliver a persuasive speech arguing for or against unionization.
- Format: lesson plan (grade 11–12 Social Studies)
- By Dayna Durbin Gleaves.
- Ila Hartsell Dodson oral history excerpt (labor unions)
- Ila Hartsell Dodson was born in 1907 in South Carolina and began working in the Brandon Cotton Mill at age 14. Her mother, father, and all of her nine siblings worked for various cotton mills in North and South Carolina. She met her husband working in the...
- Format: audio/interview
- Eva B. Hopkins oral history excerpt
- Eva B. Hopkins was born in 1918 in Charlotte, North Carolina and began working in Mercury Cotton Mill full time in 1932 at age 14 to support her father, who had tuberculosis. Like many mill workers, her family had left their small farm in the mountains of...
- Format: audio/interview
- Turning the century
- Students will create a museum display illustrating life during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
- Format: lesson plan (grade 9–12 Social Studies)
- By Lisa Stamey.
- North Carolina in the New South
- Primary sources and readings explore North Carolina in the decades after the Civil War (1870–1900). Topics include changes in agriculture, the growth of cities and industry, the experiences of farmers and mill workers, education, cultural changes, politics and political activism, and the Wilmington Race Riot.
- Format: book (multiple pages)
- Opposition to the Knights of Labor
- In North Carolina in the New South, page 3.11
- Editorial in a Durham newspaper, 1887, expressing concern about the Knights of Labor. Includes historical commentary.
- Format: newspaper
- The Knights of Labor
- In North Carolina in the New South, page 3.10
- Excerpt from the 1878 Platform of the Knights of Labor, an early labor union. Includes historical commentary.
- Format: declaration
- Commentary and sidebar notes by David Walbert.
- Tobacco workers strike
- In North Carolina in the New South, page 3.12
- Magazine article describing an unsuccessful strike by tobacco mill workers in Durham, North Carolina, 1881.
- Format: magazine
- Commentary and sidebar notes by L. Maren Wood.
- Leaders of the Knights of Labor
- Format: image/poster
- The rise of labor unions
- In North Carolina in the New South, page 3.9
- Little of the wealth that industry produced went to workers, and improvements in technology further reduced wages without making work any easier or less dangerous. In the late ninenteenth century, workers began to organize to demand higher wages and better working conditions.
- Format: article
- The Homestead Strike
- The Carnegie Steel Works, showing the shield used by the strikers when firing the cannon and watching the Pinkerton men during the Homestead strike.
- Format: image/illustration
- The Pullman Strike
- Pullman strikers outside Arcade Building in Pullman, Chicago. This Illinois National Guard can be seen guarding the building during the Pullman Railroad Strike in 1894.
- Format: image/photograph
