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K–12 teaching and learning · from the UNC School of Education

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The monkey god Hanuman
In The Ramayana, page 3.1
This image of the monkey god Hanuman on a mural painted at the Emerald Buddha Temple shows him perched on one knee wearing golden royal Thai clothes. Hanuman's mouth is open and his larger-than-human teeth are visible. Hanuman has made himself gigantic and...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Hanuman meets Rama
In The Ramayana, page 3.2
The monkey god Hanuman climbing in a tree recognizes Rama and Laksman resting below, as seen on a mural at the Emerald Buddha Temple. In this scene, Hanuman looks just like a small white monkey, wearing a loincloth and no crown. Rama and Laksman wear golden...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Hanuman tricks a demon guard
In The Ramayana, page 3.4
On the Ramayana mural at the Emerald Buddha Temple, a detail shows the monkey god Hanuman entering a demon guardian's mouth as he attempts to cross the sea to Lanka. The demon is ornamented on the mural with gold leaf paint.
By Lorraine Aragon.
Hanuman enlists his relatives
In The Ramayana, page 3.3
Seven differently colored monkeys sit on the ground with three of their crowned monkey kings in this detail from a mural at the Emerald Buddha Temple. The monkeys are painted in shades of blue, purple, green, brown, and black. Their three kings wearing tall...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Hanuman searches for Sita
In The Ramayana, page 3.5
Sequential images of Hanuman looking for Sita in the demon Ravana's palace are seen on a Ramayana mural at the Emerald Buddha Temple. The two adjacent images illustrate how framed space is used to indicate time lapses in Thai temple mural paintings. Hanuman,...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Hanuman attacks Ravana's palace
In The Ramayana, page 3.7
In this detail image from an Emerald Buddha Temple mural, Hanuman in royal garb clambers over the head of an elephant outside a white wall of Ravana's palace. The bodies of two fallen demon guards are seen at each side of the frame. After locating Sita and...
By Lorraine Aragon.
The battle continues
In The Ramayana, page 3.8
This detail of a mural at the Emerald Buddha Temple, where Hanuman descends lithely down poles beside a circular well to seize the guards, shows how the powerful and clever monkey god can single-handedly defeat the hapless demons who defend Ravana's palace....
By Lorraine Aragon.
Ravana sets Hanuman on fire
In The Ramayana, page 3.10
In this mural detail at the Emerald Buddha Temple, Ravana dressed in royal Siamese apparel descends the stairs of his palace thrusting a fiery torch towards Hanuman. Hanuman sits on the tile floor at left, confined and bound with oil-soaked cotton rope. Another...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Quenching the demon's fire
In The Ramayana, page 3.13
In this mural scene painted at the Emerald Buddha Temple, a wise hermit tells Hanuman how to quench the fire on his tail. Hanuman kneels on a red tiled floor holding up his tail in distress. A bearded hermit listens, dressed in golden clothes as he sits in...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Hanuman courts Ravana's neice
In The Ramayana, page 4.5
A masked dancer wearing a monkey costume performs in a Hindu temple courtyard in Batubulan Village, Bali, during August 1986. The kneeling dancer wears a brown and black monkey head mask with long dark hair attached. His costume includes a spotted grey jumpsuit...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Hanuman makes a bridge
In The Ramayana, page 4.7
In this image, as seen on a mural at the Emerald Buddha Temple, a huge Hanuman lies crouched on his stomach on the bluff at right with his tail extended and wrapped around rocks on the bluff at left. Hanuman's open-mouthed face looks back over his right shoulder...
By Lorraine Aragon.
A bridge of stone
In The Ramayana, page 4.8
A carved stone stele at Prambanan Temple shows monkeys helping Rama by bringing stones for the bridge he wants to build to Ravana's demon island of Lanka. Realistically portrayed, the naked monkeys in this carved bas relief walk together in line carrying rounded...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Hanuman fights a sea dragon
In The Ramayana, page 4.11
Hanuman fights a sea dragon taking a stone from the bridge, as seen on a mural at the Emerald Buddha Temple. Hanuman stands with one foot in the dragon's mouth as he pulls his upper jaw open to release the stone that the dragon has taken from Rama's bridge...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Hanuman charms Ravana's mermaid daughter
In The Ramayana, page 4.12
A red-toned modern Balinese painting depicts Hanuman courting Ravana's mermaid daughter. Swooping above moonlit waves and an open-mouthed fish in the sea, Hanuman carries the beautiful mermaid in his outstretched arms. Hanuman's and the mermaid's faces are...
By Lorraine Aragon.
An underground demon
In The Ramayana, page 4.14
This dark and fierce demon, whose top half is seen as if from above, has small tusks and curly hair. He is wearing a gold headdress and arm bands as he pushes the crust of the earth upward. The image is from a mural in the Emerald Buddha Temple.
By Lorraine Aragon.
Sugriva the red monkey king
In The Ramayana, page 4.16
In this mural scene from the Emerald Buddha Tempple, Sugriva lifts the top of the colorful umbrella with his left hand while attacking the demons inside with a sword held high in his right hand. Several tiny demons are falling head first over the sides from...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Hanuman protects Rama and Laksman
In The Ramayana, page 4.17
Hanuman enlarges himself to cover a pavillion to protect Rama, as seen on a mural at the Emerald Buddha Temple. In this image, Hanuman's huge head and paws encompass the Siamese style pavillion where Rama, Laksman, and their guards are sleeping. The columns,...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Laksman is wounded
In The Ramayana, page 5.2
In this scene, the mortally wounded Laksman lies on his side near boulders in the forest. Rama sits close beside him while the monkey kings and courtiers gather in front of them in a semi-circle. The poison spear now rests on the ground as it has been pulled...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Hanuman tries to stop the sun
In The Ramayana, page 5.3
A two-faced and eight-armed Hanuman is flying out of the clouds to grab the outer rings of a gold, red, and green sun. The sun is shown here as a nested set of colored concentric circles. A mountain and forest scene is visible below.
By Lorraine Aragon.
Hanuman searches for herbal medicines
In The Ramayana, page 5.4
A giant white Hanuman scales a mountain about double his height to find medicinal herbs for Laksman. Hanuman's arms are stretched upward and he wears golden clothes and ornaments. Hanuman's smaller monkey troops follow behind him, running on the ground and...
By Lorraine Aragon.