LEARN NC

K–12 teaching and learning · from the UNC School of Education

Didn't find what you were looking for?

The White Oak River: Introduction
In A blackwater river from sea to source: The White Oak River transect, page 1
One of the interesting things to do during field study of natural areas is to follow an environmental gradient across the landscape. This is particularly rewarding if your gradient extends up a river, as the exploration takes on the aura of a classic “search...
By Dirk Frankenberg.
How does decreasing salinity affect blackwater rivers?
In A blackwater river from sea to source: The White Oak River transect, page 2
All rivers that reach the sea have ocean water at their seaward ends, and freshwater at their sources. A trip up a river takes you along a gradient of salt concentration from near 3.5 percent (the average salinity, or salt content, of seawater) to zero. There...
By Dirk Frankenberg.
Pocosin wetland community
In A blackwater river from sea to source: The White Oak River transect, page 19
Figure 17 is a view of a pocosin wetland community like those that comprise the source of the White Oak in Hoffman State Forest about thirty miles inland of Bogue Inlet. Pocosin is a Native American word reputed to mean “swamp on a hill.”...
By Dirk Frankenberg.
Cape Fear estuaries: Introduction
In Cape Fear estuaries: From river to sea, page 1
A quiet afternoon on the dock overlooking the Cape Fear estuary, fishing with friends. A gentle breeze clatters the marsh reeds and sends ripples floating across the water. A vision of stability and tranquility. Unfortunately, this vision is entirely misleading....
By Steve Keith.
Conjunction of the Cape Fear River and the Northeast Cape Fear River
In Cape Fear estuaries: From river to sea, page 4
The town of Wilmington is located at the junction of the Northeast Cape Fear and Cape Fear rivers. In this photo the Cape Fear River is entering from the bottom. The water in the Cape Fear River is just turning salty as it reaches Wilmington, the zero salinity...
By Steve Keith.
Dutchman's Creek
Turning to the western shore, we have one more stop to make before we reach the sea. This photo shows Dutchman's Creek and a series of smaller tidal creeks. Just behind the serpentine creeks is a canal cutting clear across the photo. This canal originates...
By Steve Keith.
The Equinox at Chichén Itzá
In The Changing Face of Mexico, page 4.1
Slideshow View a slideshow of photographs of the ancient Maya city of Chichén Itzá. ...
Format: article
Piedmont sands and clays
In Clays of the Piedmont: Origins, recovery, and use, page 1
North Carolina's landmass has twice been subjected to major bouts of mountain building followed by erosion. The mountain building events have been described in another field trip in this series, the Roan Mountain Highlands. The remnants of the erosion of these...
By Dirk Frankenberg.
The Piedmont's first human inhabitants
In Clays of the Piedmont: Origins, recovery, and use, page 4
The first human inhabitants of the Piedmont to make use of its clays were the American Indians. People who lived along the banks of the Potomac and Savannah Rivers discovered the seemingly miraculous transformation of mud into stone by heat about 4500 years...
By Dirk Frankenberg.
“Discoverie of Guiana”
In Sir Walter Raleigh and South America, page 5
Raleigh's 1596 account of his search of El Dorado became a sensation when it was published in England. The book describes Raleigh's motives of treasure hunting and empire building. Some excerpts with annotations are included below.*...
By William M. Wisser.
Masonboro Island
In Small sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 3
The two islands visited on this trip, Masonboro and Topsail, have very low sand volumes. Masonboro Island is a part of the National Research Reserve system and is completely undeveloped. Topsail Island has been developed for residential use and has the roads,...
By Dirk Frankenberg.
What causes sea level change, and why is it rising now?
In Evidence of rising sea level: Coastal erosion and plant community changes, page 2
North Carolina's coastal zone preserves evidence of both the current rise in sea level and the long decline that preceded it (see the Coastal Wetlands field trip included in this series). Evidence of declining sea level is found in the series of old shorelines...
By Dirk Frankenberg.
Quick study: Archaic Period
A “cheat sheet” covering basic information about the Archaic Period and its key characteristics.
How did longleaf pine forests become dependent on fire?
In Forests and fires: The longleaf pine savanna, page 2
“Fire-dependent forest” seems like an oxymoron — a combination of apparently contradictory terms put together to produce what seems to be a paradox. For southeastern pine savannas, though, the term fire-dependent defines the dominant...
By Dirk Frankenberg.
What is a wetland, and why do we have so many types?
In Wetlands of the coastal plains, page 2
The legal definition of a wetland has become controversial as wetlands have gained a measure of protection from uncontrolled ditching and draining. This protection has been accorded them as their role in sustaining high water quality and wildlife habitat has...
By Dirk Frankenberg.
Pond pine woodland
In Wetlands of the coastal plains, page 7
Figure 6 shows that the same plants found in pocosins are also found under pond pines as well as in poorly drained peat filled depressions of all sorts. Here we can see these plants growing on peat around and under a stand of pond pines. We will now move away...
By Dirk Frankenberg.
Coastal plain bottomland forest
In Wetlands of the coastal plains, page 8
Figure 6 illustrates a fine river to tour: the Northwest Cape Fear, as it appears in Pender County. The wetland type we see on the far bank is a coastal plain bottomland hardwood community. These communities develop on irregularly flooded habitats along rivers....
By Dirk Frankenberg.
Salt marshes
In Wetlands of the coastal plains, page 15
The single most important ecological feature of salt marshes along coastal rivers is their immersion/exposure cycle. The lower the marsh, the longer the surface is immersed in tidal waters. Low marshes in North Carolina are dominated by smooth cordgrass (
By Dirk Frankenberg.
Estuaries in North Carolina: A primer
Estuaries are places near the coast where freshwater and saltwater mix. Influenced by ocean forces yet partly sheltered from them, estuaries have unique and fascinating ecologies. This article explains what estuaries are, their geology and role in the larger...
By Waverly Harrell and Jennifer Godwin-Wyer.
Angkor Wat
In East from India: Cambodia and Southern Vietnam, page 8
Angkor was the royal capital of the Khmer empire from 802–1431 CE. Angkor's long-lasting prosperity was based on the local abundance of three resources: water, fish, and the rice crops grown on soil nourished by...
By Lorraine Aragon.