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Martin Luther's Reformation in Hugo's The Hunchback of Notre Dame

The setting of Victor Hugo's novel, The Hunchback of Notre Dame is the fifteenth century, the transitional period between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance/Reformation era. This era ushers in the period known as the modern age and historical events are chronicled through Hugo's novel. Hugo sets The Hunchback of Notre Dame at the decline of feudalism and the infancy of absolutism through Louis XI (Spider King), the rise of a urban middle class and the beginnings of commerce as it is known today. Primarily this novel satirizes the Catholic Church's absolute power -- its abuses, and its excesses. Students will discover how Hugo's satire operates to show the Catholic Church's abuse of power during the late Middle Ages and the early Reformation in The Hunchback of Notre Dame.

Format: lesson plan (grade 9 English Language Arts and Social Studies)

By Nancy Webber.

Deficit thinking

In Bridging Spanish language barriers in Southern schools, page 4.2

Teachers frequently attribute the academic struggles of English language learners to the students' inability or unwillingness to learn English, but this "deficit thinking" can better be replaced by a focus on what immigrant students bring to the classroom.

By Buck Cooper.

Finding patterns using fractals

This lesson will introduce students to patterns in fractals using resources of Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. Permission has been granted for the use of the materials as part of the workshop Interactivate Your Bored Math Students.

Format: lesson plan (grade 6 Mathematics)

By Wendy Korbusieski.

It's all about choice

Students will examine the different choices they make as supporting or undermining their intent to remain abstinent, including the affect of substance use on those choices.

Format: lesson plan (grade 9–12 Healthful Living)

By Kathy Crumpler.

England's flowering

In Prehistory, contact, and the Lost Colony, page 4.1

The reign of England's Queen Elizabeth (1558–1603) was marked by a proliferation of the arts, an expansion of private markets, and a dedication to world exploration and privateering.

Format: article

The student pathfinder

By creating pathfinders, students not only learn to manage time and produce a higher quality research project, but they also develop twenty-first century learning skills.

By Melissa Thibault.

Resources on the web

Pharmacology Education Partnership (PEP)

This site provides high school biology and chemistry teachers with interactive modules to teach their students the basics in theses science subjects. (Learn more)

Format: website/general

Provided by: Duke University Medical Center