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Reference map of Central America and the Caribbean (2002): Format: image/map

Comparing governments - International: This lesson focuses on comparing and contrasting national governments in North America and/or Central America. It is the second in a sequence, the first being "Comparing Governments - Local, State, and National" by Tami Weaver and Wendy Pineda, also on the Learn NC website. This plan could be easily adapted for eighth grade or high school ESL students.; Format: lesson plan (grade 5 English Language Arts, English Language Development, and Social Studies); By Tami Weaver and Wendy Pineda.

Cacao paste: Cacao paste oozes out from a metal hand crank on a cacao plantation in Barlovento, Venezuela. Grinding cacao seeds into a paste is one of the final steps in the cocoa-making process. The seeds come from the cacao tree (Thebroma Cacao),...; Format: image/photograph

Flipping cacao seeds: On a cacao plantation in Barlovento, Venezuela, a visitor flips cacao seeds with a rake. Flipping the seeds helps them dry evenly as the lie in the sun. The seeds come from the cacao tree (Thebroma Cacao), which is native to tropical...; Format: image/photograph

North America: Discover Canada, Mexico, and Central America from this selection of great resources.; Format: bibliography/help

Cacao seed: A visitor to a Venezuelan cacao plantation holds a roasted cacao seed in her hand. The seed is about the size of a silver dollar coin. The seed comes from the cacao tree (Thebroma Cacao), which is native to tropical Central and South...; Format: image/photograph

Roasting cacao seeds: On a cacao plantation in Barlovento, Venezuela, the plantation owner prepares to roast cacao seeds, pouring the dried seeds from a wooden bowl into a metal pot over an open fire. The seeds come from the cacao tree (Thebroma Cacao), which...; Format: image/photograph

Cacao seeds over the fire: On a cacao plantation in Barlovento, Venezuela, a metal pot holding cacao seeds sits over an open fire. The seeds will be roasted over the fire and stirred with a wooden paddle to prevent burning. The seeds come from the cacao tree (Thebroma...; Format: image/photograph

Cacao pod in tree: On a cacao plantation in Barlovento, Venezuela, a ripening cacao pod hangs in the leafy branches of a cacao tree. The tree -- Thebroma Cacao -- is native to the tropical regions of Central and South America. The seeds of the cacao pod...; Format: image/photograph

Winnowing cacao seeds: On a cacao plantation in Barlovento, Venezuela, visitors gather around a bowl of roasted cacao seeds to winnow them -- removing the papery membrane from the outside of the seeds. The seeds come from the cacao tree (Thebroma Cacao),...; Format: image/photograph

Winnowing cacao seeds (close-up): On a cacao plantation in Barlovento, Venezuela, visitors gather around a bowl of roasted cacao seeds to winnow them -- removing the papery membrane from the outside of the seeds. The seeds come from the cacao tree (Thebroma Cacao),...; Format: image/photograph

Turning the hand crank: On a cacao plantation in Barlovento, Venezuela, a visitor turns a metal hand crank to grind cacao seeds into a paste. She braces herself against the table and leans into the crank, demonstrating the tremendous effort needed to grind the seeds. The seeds come...; Format: image/photograph

Aztec empire map: This map shows the extent of the Aztec empire before its conquest by the Spanish around 1519.; Format: image/map

Mangrove vegetation in Cartagena, Colombia: A thick stand of mangrove trees near the beach in Cartagena, Colombia. Mangrove trees grow in many tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world, including Central America and North South America. The mangrove is particularly suited to tidal regions along...; Format: image/photograph

Grinding cacao seeds: On a cacao plantation in Barlovento, Venezuela, a man turns a metal hand crank to grind cacao seeds. The paste made from grinding the seeds falls into the tin container underneath the gears. The seeds come from the cacao tree (Thebroma Cacao),...; Format: image/photograph

Two worlds: Educator's guide: Lesson plans and activities to be used with "Two Worlds: Prehistory, Contact, and the Lost Colony" -- the first part of a North Carolina history textbook for secondary students.; Format: book (multiple pages)

The importance of one simple plant: In Prehistory, contact, and the Lost Colony, page 2.10; In Colonial North Carolina, page 6.1; The natives of America could trace the history of maize to the beginning of time. Maize was the food of the gods that had created the Earth. It played a central role in many native myths and legends. And it came to be one of their most important foods. Maize, in some form, made up roughly 65 percent of the native diet. When European settlers reached the New World, they learned to cultivate Indian corn from their native neighbors.; Format: article; By Terry L. Sargent.

The mystery of the first Americans: In Prehistory, contact, and the Lost Colony, page 2.2; In the second half of the twentieth century, archaeologists agreed that those “first Americans” migrated from Asia across Beringia and into North America between fourteen and twenty thousand years ago. Recently, though, new evidence has come to light that has led some archaeologists to doubt that theory and to suggest new possibilities.; Format: article; By David Walbert.

Introduction to the Moravian diary: In Diary of a journey of Moravians, page 1; Introduction to the Moravian diary The Moravian seal, symbol of the Moravian church. The Moravians made their first settlement in America, in 1735, on the lower Savannah River, where...; Format: article

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