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From the education reference

English language learners

Students (in U.S. schools) whose native language is other than English working to master English. They may be immigrants or children born in the United States. Usually such students receive bilingual education or English as a second language services.

English as a second language

Designation for students whose native language is not English or for programs designed to teach such students. As a method of instruction, ESL usually involves pulling students out of the regular classroom for English instruction.

English language development

Curriculum of instruction for English language learners.

English as a foreign language

The study of English by non-native speakers or the teaching of English to such learners.

English-only movement

Movement to make English the only language used in U.S. public education. English-only proponents argue that bilingual education and bilingualism threaten a sense of national identity and create divisions along ethnic lines.

limited English proficiency

Term used to describe students limited in their ability to read, write, speak, and understand English.

whole language

Instructional philosophy that emphasizes reading for meaning and reading in context. Whole language instruction focuses on a variety of strategies (for example, open-ended questions, discussions) to facilitate students' meaningful interpretations of texts, and does not advocate breaking language study into isolated skill components as practiced in phonics instruction.

cognitive academic language proficiency

Academic language students experience in school. CALP develops over a five to seven year period in the language acquisition of English (or foreign) language learners.

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