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Excavating Occaneechi Town: An archaeology primer: Republished with permission from the Research Laboratories of Archaeology, the Archaeology Primer uses photographs of the excavations at Occaneechi Town to introduce fundamental concepts of archaeology. The primer provides an introduction to the methods of archaeology and to some common types of artifacts, and prepares students to participate in an electronic archaeological dig.; Format: slideshow (multiple pages)

Common artifacts: Potsherds: Photograph of potsherds found at Occaneechi Town. Potsherds are fragments of fired-clay cooking and storage pots that were made and used by the Occaneechi. Some potsherds predate Occaneechi Town, while others (usually glazed) date after the mid-1700s when...; Format: image/photograph

Occaneechi archaeological map: A section of the archaeological map of Occaneechi Town.; Format: image/photograph

Troweling the subsoil at Occaneechi Town: Photograph of students troweling a large excavated area at Occaneechi Town.; Format: image/photograph

Occaneechi Indian Village: Enjoy authentic Native American food, dance, crafts, demonstrations, and traditions at the Indian village.; Format: article/field trip opportunity

Map of Occaneechi excavation sites: Map of the sites of the Research Laboratories of Archaeology's Occaneechi excavations, near Hillsborough, N.C.; Format: image/map

Occaneechi Town excavation grid: Illustration of a portion of the Occaneechi Town excavation grid. (North is at the top of the map.); Format: image/illustration

Common artifacts: Gunflints: Photograph of gunflints found at Occaneechi Town. The trade with Virginia provided the Occaneechi with flintlock muskets and pistols. Use of such firearms is reflected by the occurrence of numerous gunflints made of European, honey-colored flint.; Format: image/photograph

Common artifacts: Clay pipe fragments: Photograph of clay pipe fragments found at Occaneechi Town. The Occaneechi smoked tobacco, and possibly other plants. This is reflected by the numerous clay pipe-stem and pipe-bowl fragments that were found. Some of these were made by Native Americans (probably...; Format: image/photograph

About the Archaeology Primer: In Excavating Occaneechi Town: An archaeology primer, page 1; The Occaneechi Indians were once prominent in the Virginia and Carolina Piedmont. As their numbers were reduced by clashes with European colonists, they retreated to a village on the Eno River. Their numbers further dwindled due to disease and warfare, and by 1730 the Occaneechi were all but gone. In 1983, archaeologists discovered a village site near Hillsborough, North Carolina. Through a series of digs, they confirmed that they had found Occaneechi Town.; Format: article

Burial: Photograph of a burial, a common archaeological feature at Occaneechi Town. Burials are pits, usually oval or rectangular in shape and often quite deep, that were dug as individual graves. They contain the skeletal remains and accompanying funerary objects...; Format: image/photograph

Wall-trench structure: Excavators at the Occaneechi Town archaeological dig preparing to map a wall-trench structure and associated pit at Occaneechi Town. A wall-trench structure is a structure showing where the posts supporting the wall and roof were placed.; Format: image/photograph

Common artifacts: Shell beads: Photograph of shell beads found at Occaneechi Town. The Occaneechi used small beads made of marine shell to decorate their clothing and as jewelry. These were partially replaced by European-made glass beads.; Format: image/photograph

Common artifacts: Glass beads: Photograph of glass beads found at the Occaneechi Town archaeological dig. Glass beads were made in Europe and traded by Virginians to the Occaneechi, who used them in necklaces and bracelets and to decorate their clothing. The presence of glass beads is a...; Format: image/photograph

Common artifacts: Lead shot: Photograph of lead shot artifacts found at Occaneechi Town. The trade with Virginia provided the Occaneechi with flintlock muskets and pistols. Ammunition for such weapons consisted of small, spherical pieces of lead shot, many of which were found at the site.; Format: image/photograph

Excavated features — before excavation: A photograph and map of an unexcavated archaeological feature at Occaneechi Town.; Format: image/photograph

Excavated features — during excavation: A photograph and map of an unexcavated archaeological feature at Occaneechi Town.; Format: image/photograph

Common artifacts: Chipped-stone projectile points: Photograph of chipped-stone projectile points found at Occaneechi Town. The Occaneechi and their predecessors used the bow-and-arrow as a weapon. Their arrows were tipped with small triangular points that were chipped from stone. Much earlier inhabitants of...; Format: image/photograph

Excavation block: An exavation block at Occaneechi Town with plowed soil removed. The dark stains are archaeological features.; Format: image/photograph

Backfilling the Occaneechi Town excavation: Student backfilling an archaeological excavation.; Format: image/photograph

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