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Pee Dee National Wildlife Refuge: Located in Anson and Richmond counties of North Carolina, the diversity of habitats and management programs supports a broad range of wildlife species, including over 168 birds, 49 amphibians and reptiles, 28 mammals, and 20 fish species.; Format: article/field trip opportunity

The Pee Dee River: This is the Pee Dee River. The Pee Dee runs through southern North Carolina into South Carolina. Anson and Richmond Counties in North Carolina maintain the Pee Dee National Wildlife Refuge, which supports a broad range of wildlife species, including over 168...; Format: image/photograph

Map showing Seagrove, Town Creek Indian Mound, and the Pee Dee River: Format: image/photograph

Town Creek Indian Mound (NC Historic Site): This site provided by the North Carolina Division of Archives and History contains information about visiting Town Creek, a section on Montgomery County and the vicinity, a Native American Cultural Synopsis, and a section on the Pee Dee Culture.; Format: article/field trip opportunity

Artifact classification: In Intrigue of the Past, page 2.4; Students will use pictures of artifacts or objects from a teaching kit to classify artifacts and answer questions about the lifeways of a group of historic Native Americans.; Format: lesson plan (grade 4 Social Studies)

Piedmont cultures graphic organizer: In Two worlds: Educator's guide, page 2.3; This activity will assist students in understanding Piedmont cultures as they read the article "Peoples of the Piedmont."; Format: /lesson plan (grade 8 Social Studies); By Pauline S. Johnson.

Peoples of the Piedmont: In Prehistory, contact, and the Lost Colony, page 2.4; In the years between 1000 and 1200 CE, Native life in the north and central Piedmont hadn’t changed much from prior Woodland times. People still lived in small hamlets whose houses strung out along river and stream banks. At times, the hamlets sat empty when people left to hunt and gather wild foods. But times were about to change. Around 900 CE, corn agriculture began. As a result, population began to grow, people began gathering in larger villages, and conflicts erupted.; Format: article

Town Creek palisade and guard tower: At Town Creek, visitors enter through a guard tower built into the palisade surrounding the town. The palisade — a walled enclosure protecting the town — was made of vertical logs held together with a mixture of clay and straw. When Town Creek...; Format: image/photograph

Prairie outside Town Creek Indian Mound: The tall grasses growing outside the palisade of Town Creek Indian Mound approximate the area's native prairie. When the town was inhabited by Indians of the Pee Dee culture, around the eleventh century, it was probably surrounded by this kind of vegetation....; Format: image/photograph

From clay to pot: In Clays of the Piedmont: Origins, recovery, and use, page 12; The remainder of this field trip is devoted to showing what humans must do to convert the clays recovered from the ground as shown in the first two photographs into the objects shown in Figures 3 through 9. We need to begin by describing what happens to native...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Shadows of a people: Introduction: In Intrigue of the Past, page 4.1; Lessons in this part stand alone, yet link to and expand on some tidbit in Chapter 3. They focus emphasize that the “Indians” Columbus met were not frozen in time as many people even today believe. Their history is one of time passage, of journeys, of adaptations, of settling, of interactions, of conflict—everything that is the fabric of life.

Intrigue of the Past: Lesson plans and essays for teachers and students explore North Carolina's past before European contact. Designed for grades four through eight, the web edition of this book covers fundamental concepts, processes, and issues of archaeology, and describes the peoples and cultures of the Paleoindian, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian periods.; Format: book (multiple pages)

Two worlds: Educator's guide: Lesson plans and activities to be used with "Two Worlds: Prehistory, Contact, and the Lost Colony" -- the first part of a North Carolina history textbook for secondary students.; Format: book (multiple pages)

The Tuscarora War: In Colonial North Carolina, page 3.2; The encroachment of British colonists on Tuscarora land in North Carolina resulted in numerous conflicts. Control over the most desirable land caused disputes, British settlers engaged in unfair trade practices and violated treaties, and the Tuscarora raided British livestock. In 1711, these and other sources of conflict erupted into bloody warfare. With the assistance of soldiers and rival tribes from South Carolina, the Tuscarora were defeated in 1712. Following the war, the Tuscarora emigrated to New York and joined the Iroquois of the Long House.; Format: article

The lost landscape of the Piedmont: In Prehistory, contact, and the Lost Colony, page 5.5; The Piedmont region of North Carolina is unrecognizable compared to the landscape of 400 years ago. Where man-made lakes now sit were huge bottomland forests. While pine trees accounted for only a small percentage of Piedmont acreage, they now dominate the region's forests -- a result of clearing hardwoods to create farmland. Other once-prominent landscapes include areas of grassland known as “Piedmont prairie,” and upland depression swamps where the clay soils often kept moisture on the land’s surface.; Format: article

The village farmers: In Intrigue of the Past, page 3.5; North Carolina sat on a crossroads by AD 1000. Cultural ideas from other places breezed through it and around it: how to decorate pottery, how to orient political and social life, how to honor the dead, how to structure towns.

Archaeological sites open to the public: A listing of field trip opportunities focusing on Native Americans as well as colonial times in North Carolina. Organized by county.; Format: article

American Indians: A guide to some of the best resources for teaching about American Indians, including lesson plans, articles, websites, and field trip opportunities.; Format: bibliography/help

Peoples of the mountains: In Prehistory, contact, and the Lost Colony, page 2.5; During the Mississippian period, corn agriculture became more important in the mountains of North Carolina. More productive agriculture supported larger populations and provided opportunities for accumulating wealth. This brought about increased social ranking and political centralization. The Mountain region was creating its own identity -- an identity that archaeologists tie to the modern-day Cherokee. Archaeologists have given the names Pisgah and Qualla to these Cherokee ancestors.; Format: article

Juan Pardo, the Indians of Guatari, and first contact: In Prehistory, contact, and the Lost Colony, page 3.4; The Guatari Indians lived in an influential settlement near Trading Ford and were led by a female chief. In 1567, they encountered Spanish explorers led by Captain Juan Pardo who came through the North Carolina Piedmont with grand hopes of creating a powerful empire.; Format: article

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