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The search for El Dorado: The legend of El Dorado predates the arrival of Spaniards in South America. The Chibcha people of present-day Colombia apparently performed an annual ritual where the leader was coated in fine gold dust, which he then washed off in a lake during a solemn ceremony....; By William M. Wisser.

Map of Ecuador: A black and white line-drawn map of Ecuador shows the area in the east of Ecuador that is in dispute with Peru. Both Ecuador and Peru claim possession of part of the Amazonian rainforest shown in this map. This border dispute turned into war in 1941 when the...; Format: image/photograph

The search for El Dorado: In Sir Walter Raleigh and South America, page 4; The legend of El Dorado predates the arrival of Spaniards in South America. The Chibcha people of present-day Colombia apparently performed an annual ritual where the leader was coated in fine gold dust, which he then washed off in a lake during a ceremony....; By William M. Wisser.

Ecuadorian air force plane on the runway: An Ecuadorian Air Force plane sits on a runway among several smaller propeller-driven airplanes. The Ecuadorian Air Force saw action in the early 1980s and mid 1990s in border disputes with Peru. Most recently, however, the Air Force has been most used in...; Format: image/photograph

Inca walls near Otavalo, Ecuador: A ruined Inca wall is covered in moss and flowers near Otavalo, Ecuador. The Inca rulers were relative latecomers to Ecuador. Ecuador had been settled for a thousand years or more before the Incas invaded from Peru in the mid 15th century. The Inca rulers...; Format: image/photograph

Sir Walter Raleigh and South America: Short explanatory passages written for students about the life of Sir Walter Raleigh, specifically as it pertains to the history of South America.; Format: series (multiple pages)

South America: From the ancient civilizations to the Spanish Conquistadors to the present day, the countries of South America have a rich history. These are a sampling of the resources that can be found on LEARN NC to use in teaching students about the people, cultures, and geography of this continent.; Format: bibliography/help

Military checkpoint between Banos and Misahualli, Ecuador: A man in a flowered shirt presents documents at a military checkpoint. A fatigue-wearing guard stands nearby. A young boy sets down his basket of baked goods near the checkpoint. The Ecuadorian military plays a large role in patrolling eastern Ecuador. Their...; Format: image/photograph

GNP simulation using foods in the Americas: Students are treated to “lunch” based on food supply and GNP distribution in Latin America.; Format: lesson plan (grade 9–12 Social Studies); By Ken Stewart.

Painted tiles commemorating independence: A wall of tiles has been painted with a historical scene of the movement for independence. Behind a cauldron a fire a man, most likely Simon Bolívar, holds a broken chain. The right of the mural is a cross section of the population of Ecuador: farmers, businessmen,...; Format: image/photograph

Spanish had many reasons for Pardo expedition: In Prehistory, contact, and the Lost Colony, page 3.5; What spurred the Spanish to set up a territorial capital on the South Carolina coast in the 1560s and launch Juan Pardo’s expedition into the Southeastern interior? The reasons range from the self-serving (protecting an enormously profitable silver mine) to the spiritual (converting the Indians to Christianity) to the anxious (reducing the capital’s population to lower the demand for food).; Format: article

Reading guide: Spain and America: In Two worlds: Educator's guide, page 3.2; These terms and questions will guide students as they read "Spain and America: From Reconquest to Conquest." Filling in the chronological list of dates will enable students to understand the order in which events unfolded in Spain and in America, and answering the questions will encourage students to think critically about the readings in the chapter.; Format: /lesson plan (grade 8 Social Studies); By Pauline S. Johnson.

Climbing the school ladder: A challenging task for immigrant Latino students: In Bridging Spanish language barriers in Southern schools, page 1.1; Teachers play a critical role when helping immigrant children adjust to a new school life. Because immigrants' backgrounds and experiences are so diverse, it is important for teachers no to make assumptions and to get to know individual children.; By Magda Corredor.

“Discoverie of Guiana”: In Sir Walter Raleigh and South America, page 5; Raleigh's 1596 account of his search of El Dorado became a sensation when it was published in England. The book describes Raleigh's motives of treasure hunting and empire building. Some excerpts with annotations are included below.*...; By William M. Wisser.

Spain and America: From Reconquest to Conquest: In Prehistory, contact, and the Lost Colony, page 3.1; In 1491, no European knew that North and South America existed. By 1550, Spain -- a small kingdom that had not even existed a century earlier -- controlled the better part of two continents and had become the most powerful nation in Europe. In half a century of brave exploration and brutal conquest, both Europe and America were changed forever.; Format: article; By David Walbert.

Archaeology as a career: In Intrigue of the Past, page 5.2; In their study of archaeology as a career, students will read essays and complete an activity to gain an understanding of and appreciation for the career of a professional archaeologist.; Format: lesson plan (grade K–5 Guidance)

Dig finds evidence of Spanish fort: Near Morganton, North Carolina, archaeologists are excavating what they believe to be the remnants of Juan Pardo's outpost at the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains. The 16th-century outpost, known as Fort San Juan, disappeared after Indians burned it to the ground.; Format: article

North Carolina State University: In North Carolina in the New South, page 4.2; North Carolina State University was founded in 1887 as the North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, a land-grant institution that would provide teaching, research and extension services to the people of the state. This article gives a brief history of the school from its founding to the present day.; Format: article

The Columbian Exchange: In Prehistory, contact, and the Lost Colony, page 5.1; When Christopher Columbus and his crew arrived in the New World, two biologically distinct worlds were brought into contact. The animal, plant, and bacterial life of these two worlds began to mix in a process called the Columbian Exchange. The results of this exchange recast the biology of both regions and altered the history of the world.; Format: article; By J.R. McNeill.

Juan Pardo, the Indians of Guatari, and first contact: In Prehistory, contact, and the Lost Colony, page 3.4; The Guatari Indians lived in an influential settlement near Trading Ford and were led by a female chief. In 1567, they encountered Spanish explorers led by Captain Juan Pardo who came through the North Carolina Piedmont with grand hopes of creating a powerful empire.; Format: article

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