LEARN NC

K–12 teaching and learning · from the UNC School of Education

CEU courses open for enrollment

Differentiating Instruction in Online Courses - Carolina Online Teacher Program
Tailor your online instruction to meet the unique learning styles of specific students. You'll develop differentiated components of your own online courses through practical assignments, and modify content, learning experiences, and assessments to address individual students' needs.
Take this course: Begins March 22.

From the education reference

assessment
The process or means of evaluating a student’s knowledge or skills.
summative assessment
Evaluation administered at the conclusion of a unit of instruction to comprehensively assess student learning and the effectiveness of an instructional method or program.
formative assessment
A process used by teachers and students during instruction that provides explicit feedback to adjust ongoing teaching and learning to improve students’ achievement of intended instructional outcomes. Formative assessment is a method of continually evaluating students’ academic needs and development within the classroom and precedes local benchmark assessments and state-mandated summative assessments.
alternative assessment
Assessment that measures student learning in forms other than traditional pencil-and-paper tests.
authentic assessment
Assessment that seeks to evaluate students' abilities in "real-world" contexts, including the application and demonstration of skills and knowledge to authentic tasks or projects likely to be encountered in adult life.
performance assessment
Assessment that measures student performance on concrete tasks or activities as opposed to standardized multiple-choice tests. Students are expected to apply a range of skills and knowledge to solve a problem. Assessment is based not only on the results of the task but also on the processes of task performance.
portfolio assessment
Assessment that is based on a collection of student work (see portfolio), measuring student progress in a variety of skills in one class or over the course of a school year.
criterion-referenced assessment
Assessment that measures student knowledge and understanding in relation to specific standards or performance objectives. Criterion-referenced assessment measures students' performance in relation to standards, not in relation to other students; all students may earn the highest grade if all meet the established performance criteria.
norm-referenced assessment
An assessment designed to measure and compare individual students' performances or test results to those of an appropriate peer group (that is, norm group) at the classroom, local, or national level. Students with the best performance on a given assessment receive the highest grades.
problem-based assessment
Based on a problem-solving or problem-posing educational model, problem-based assessment involves the presentation of a problem the student must solve.
Interstate New Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium
A consortium of state and national education agencies and organizations focused on the preparation, licensure, and professional development of teachers. INTASC is guided by the belief that student learning standards should drive the preparation and development of teachers.

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Ongoing assessment for reading
Ongoing, informal assessment is crucial to teaching reading. Using audio and visual examples, this edition explains the use of running records and miscue analysis, tools that help a teacher to identify patterns in student reading behaviors and the strategies a reader uses to make sense of text.
Format: series (multiple pages)
Running records as authentic testing
In Ongoing assessment for reading, page 1.2
In many school systems, running records are administered using preprinted running record sheets that contain the exact text the student is reading in a matching leveled book. To allow a teacher to administer multiple assessments with a single student, two...
By Jeanne Gunther.
Summarizing the session
In Ongoing assessment for reading, page 2.6
After the reading, comprehension check, and miscue analysis, all of the information gathered should be recorded. This single-page report will help identify patterns in use by the reader. The totals for graphic similarity, semantic and syntactic usage should...
By Jeanne Gunther.
Running record form
Blank running record form for use in reading assessment.
Format: document
Running records and you
In Ongoing assessment for reading, page 1.1
If you teach in North Carolina, you are already "doing" running records. Your school mandates them as a means of assessing student reading. Hopefully you received some training for these assessments, but if your experience was like that of many teachers, you...
By Jeanne Gunther.
Math for multiple intelligences
How a middle-school math teacher realized she was boring and jump-started her career — and her students — by using thematic planning, emphasizing problem solving, and teaching to multiple intelligences.
Format: series (multiple pages)
Extensions
In Ongoing assessment for reading, page 2.9
As you become adept at miscue analysis, you may find other additions to your coding that are particularly helpful. Although it is not suggested in any texts I have read on miscue analysis, I find it helpful to code student miscues while the student is reading...
By Jeanne Gunther.
The First Year
Essays on the author's experiences in her first year of teaching: the mistakes she made, what she learned from them, and how she used them to become a better teacher — and how other first-year teachers can, too.
Format: book (multiple pages)
Summative assessment
This article defines summative assessment and lists several examples and common formats.
Format: article
By Heather Coffey.
Who's unique?
Encourages students to examine their ideas about how they are different and similar to each other by participating in an activity and then discussing their thoughts.
Format: lesson plan (grade K–5 Guidance)
Self-corrections
In Ongoing assessment for reading, page 1.5
Although self-corrections may seem less important as a diagnostic tool than errors, they demonstrate the way in which a reader is working to make sense of a text and allow the teacher a glimpse into the child's thinking. Teachers can identify patterns of a...
By Jeanne Gunther.
"Shaping up" with ordinal numbers
This lesson teaches students ordinal numbers through literature, and a visual memory game, and it reviews shapes, colors, and ordinal numbers with a listening and following-directions assessment.
Format: lesson plan (grade K Mathematics)
By Sue Bowen.
Learning styles: An introduction
Students will read about and discuss learning styles. They will take a pencil and paper assessment to investigate their own learning styles, and practice determining the learning style of others with a story telling activity.
Format: lesson plan (grade 6–8 Guidance)
By Pat Nystrom.
Checking comprehension
In Ongoing assessment for reading, page 2.4
Many assessments for students’ comprehension contain questions to be answered by the student. Miscue analysis makes retelling the performance of comprehension. When a student completes a reading, the teacher should facilitate both an unaided and aided retelling...
By Jeanne Gunther.
Formative assessment
This reference article discusses the history, concept, and application of formative assessment.
Format: article
By Heather Coffey.
Text selection
In Ongoing assessment for reading, page 1.3
Finding the instructional level Texts selected for running records should challenge a student sufficiently that he or she makes some errors for the student to analyze, but not enough that he or she becomes frustrated. This level is called the instructional...
By Jeanne Gunther.
Discovering Pi
This lesson introduces students to Pi through the discovery method of instruction. Students practice simple measuring skills to discover the relationship between the circumference and diameter of circular objects (Pi).They will be able to use this concept to find the circumference of any circle when the diameter is given.
Format: lesson plan (grade 6 Mathematics)
By Betty Shell.
Instructional assessment: Finding teaching points
In Ongoing assessment for reading, page 1.8
Over time, running records can show patterns in student use of cuing systems and self corrections. But individual running records can also be useful in instruction. After each running record, a teacher can choose a teaching point, using the student's...
By Jeanne Gunther.
Introducing simple machines: A machine walk
This is an integrated lesson exploring simple machines. The poetry response part of this lesson serves to spark the students' interest as well as allow the teacher to identify students' prior knowledge of machine concepts and vocabulary. The machine walk gives a baseline assessment of students' understanding. The majority of students originally focus on complex machines; this will be evident by the types of machines they identify on their list.
Format: lesson plan (grade 4 English Language Arts)
By Terri Fannin.
Graphing the week's temperature
Students will collect data, create a graph, and analyze information about the temperatures for a week using Graph Club Software.
Format: lesson plan (grade 1 Mathematics)
By Maureen King.