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Beach erosion: In Small sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 16; Figure 14 shows how beach erosion has undermined the deck and foundations of the houses in the foreground and apparently has threatened to do the same in the multifamily dwelling behind them. Note the remnants of an earlier dune on the right, and the roadway...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Waves and erosion: In Evidence of rising sea level: Coastal erosion and plant community changes, page 5; Figure 4 shows that rising sea level brings the eroding power of waves to the sound side of barrier islands as well as to the ocean side. Here we see the steep and collapsing face of an old beach ridge along the Roosevelt Nature Trail on the sound side of...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Groins at Cape Hatteras: In Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks, page 20; When the lighthouse was threatened by erosion in the early 1960s, the federal government responded with a series of efforts to stem the shoreline's retreat. In 1966, the National Park Service undertook a $300,000 beach replenishment project that pumped sand...; By Blair Tormey and Dirk Frankenberg.

Dune erosion on Oak Island (2): In Hurricanes on sandy shorelines: Lessons for development, page 12; Figure 9 shows another set of oceanfront houses after Hurricane Floyd's landfall. This dune, too, has been flattened, leaving some houses standing on the beach and some not standing at all. Note, however, that the beach under the house in the foreground is...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Beachfront erosion: In Large sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 17; Figure 16 shows another example of beachfront erosion. This house has fallen victim to a repositioning of Bogue Inlet as a result of Hurricanes Bonnie and Fran in 1996. The inlet between Bear Island and Bogue Bank had once been located here, but during a 20-year...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Piedmont sands and clays: In Clays of the Piedmont: Origins, recovery, and use, page 1; North Carolina's landmass has twice been subjected to major bouts of mountain building followed by erosion. The mountain building events have been described in another field trip in this series, the Roan Mountain Highlands. The remnants of the erosion of these...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

A beachfront house threatened by erosion: In Evidence of rising sea level: Coastal erosion and plant community changes, page 3; Figure 2 shows a beachfront house being undercut by waves. Unfortunately, this kind of damage happens frequently as sea level rises and erosion eats into the shoreline. Erosion into housing areas usually occurs when something happens to increase the local...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Vegetation as a protective barrier: In Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks, page 13; Vegetation on the dunes at Coquina Beach plays a crucial role in their ability to protect the island from storm overwash. Close inspection of the partially eroded primary dune offers a unique view of the anastomosing pattern of rhizomes that help to stabilize...; By Blair Tormey and Dirk Frankenberg.

An eroded dune: In Evidence of rising sea level: Coastal erosion and plant community changes, page 4; Figure 3 shows an eroded dune in front of a beachfront condominium project. As in the case of the house in Figure 2, this beach and dune eroded rapidly during Hurricanes Bonnie and Fran, but rising sea level played a role by bringing the sea up to a level...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Dune restoration: In Large sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 16; Figure 15 shows the seaward dune on Bogue Banks in the aftermath of Hurricane Fran and the winter storms of 1998. As we saw on Bear Island, there is no level of sand volume or vegetation coverage sufficient to render seaward dunes immune from storm erosion....; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Beach Erosion: Format: image/photograph

Dune erosion on Bear Island: In Hurricanes on sandy shorelines: Lessons for development, page 10; Figure 7 shows that not all of the barrier islands are flattened when hurricanes make landfall over them. This photograph shows the beach and seawardmost dunes of Bear Island after five hurricanes battered them in two years. The remnants of dead maritime thicket...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks: This Carolina Environmental Diversity Explorations “virtual field trip” examines how coastal process continuously alter the structure of the Outer Banks, and how humans have adapted to and resisted these changes.; Format: slideshow (multiple pages)

Dune erosion on Oak Island (1): In Hurricanes on sandy shorelines: Lessons for development, page 11; Shoreface construction on southeastern barrier islands rarely fares well when hurricanes make landfall over them. Figure 8 shows how this generalization played out on Oak Island during Hurricane Floyd. The houses were behind a small primary dune before the...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

How do hurricanes cause damage to coastal infrastructure?: In Hurricanes on sandy shorelines: Lessons for development, page 2.1; A fully formed hurricane carries three major threats to coastal development: low atmospheric pressure, high surface winds, and heavy rainfall. These threats are realized in different ways. Low central pressure becomes a threat when...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Large sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks: This Carolina Environmental Diversity Explorations “virtual field trip” explores the nature and structure of barrier islands with large sand volume, on which built structures are relatively well insulated from hurricane damage.; Format: slideshow (multiple pages)

Eco-tourism in the Outer Banks of North Carolina: Written to accompany a sixth-grade science lesson, this article describes the ecology of North Carolina's Outer Banks and discusses the effects of tourism on the region's delicate ecosystems.; Format: article; By April Galloway and Christine Scott.

Surviving storms: In Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks, page 11; The first house on northern Nags Head was built by W. G. Pool, a doctor from Elizabeth City. Many of Dr. Pool's friends followed his lead — mostly because he gave them seaside lots as gifts — and a new era of seaside living began on the Outer Banks....; By Blair Tormey and Dirk Frankenberg.

Moving the lighthouse: In Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks, page 21; After the construction of the groins, the National Park Service continued to protect the lighthouse beach with extensive sandbagging efforts, but an October storm in 1970 wiped out the sandbags. Replenishment projects followed in 1971 and 1973 on the north...; By Blair Tormey and Dirk Frankenberg.

Dune Erosion on Bear Island(east End of bear island): Format: image/photograph

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LEARN NC, a program of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Education, finds the most innovative and successful practices in K–12 education and makes them available to the teachers and students of North Carolina — and the world.