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Map of major Carolina settlements, 1729: Map shows Edenton, Bath, New Bern, Cape Fear, and Charles Town (Charleston) in relation to the Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds.; Format: image/map

John Lawson: John Lawson (1674? – 1711) was a British explorer, naturalist and writer. He played an important role in the history of colonial North Carolina. Little is known definitively about his early life but it seems probable that he had a good education and...; Format: biography

A royal colony: In Colonial North Carolina, page 3.9; In 1729, the colony of North Carolina was taken over by the king, the turmoil of its early years quieted down, and for the next few decades, colonists enjoyed relative peace and stability. But one of the Lords Proprietors refused to sell back his share, and the administration of that "Granville District," encompassing the northern half of North Carolina, would cause problems for settlers later on.; Format: article; By David Walbert.

Onslow County Museum: Learn about the history of Onlsow County and "retrace the area's progression from 65 million years ago to the present."; Format: article/field trip opportunity

The Albany Plan of Union: In Colonial North Carolina, page 8.4; Transcription of a plan adopted by representatives of seven colonies in 1754 to place the British North American colonies under a more centralized government. Although never carried out, it was the first important plan to conceive of the colonies as a collective whole united under one government.; Format: constitution

Spanish had many reasons for Pardo expedition: In Prehistory, contact, and the Lost Colony, page 3.5; What spurred the Spanish to set up a territorial capital on the South Carolina coast in the 1560s and launch Juan Pardo’s expedition into the Southeastern interior? The reasons range from the self-serving (protecting an enormously profitable silver mine) to the spiritual (converting the Indians to Christianity) to the anxious (reducing the capital’s population to lower the demand for food).; Format: article

Expanding to the west: Settlement of the Piedmont region, 1730 to 1775: In Colonial North Carolina, page 5.1; The population of North Carolina's Piedmont region more than doubled in the decade from 1765 to 1775. Most of the settlers who arrived during that time were European Americans traveling from the North via the Great Indian Trading Path and the Great Wagon Road.; Format: article; By Christopher E. Hendricks and J. Edwin Hendricks.

Boundary between North Carolina and the Cherokee Nation, 1767: In Revolutionary North Carolina, page 4.2; 1767 agreement between Governor William Tryon and Cherokee Indians in regard to boundary between colonial settlement and Cherokee lands. Includes historical commentary.; Format: document

Edmund Fanning reports to Governor Tryon: In Revolutionary North Carolina, page 1.5; Letter from Edmund Fanning to Governor William Tryon, April 23, 1768, reporting on the activities of the Regulators. Shows how the Regulators were seen by colonial leaders. Includes historical commentary.; Format: letter

Who owns the land?: In Colonial North Carolina, page 3.3; Europeans and American Indians had very different ideas about what it meant to "own" land, and these differences led to many of the conflicts between the two cultures in America.; Format: article; By David Walbert.

A little kingdom in Carolina: In Colonial North Carolina, page 1.3; The original vision for Carolina was a feudal province in which eight "Lords Proprietors" would have nearly royal power, but with an elected assembly and guarantees of religious freedom.; Format: article; By David Walbert.

Fort Raleigh and the Lost Colony: In Prehistory, contact, and the Lost Colony, page 4.3; England's first two settlements in the New World differed in character and purpose: The first short-lived colony, inhabited entirely by men, was set up as a stake in the newly discovered Americas and a base of privateering against French and Spanish shipping. The second was intended as a permanent colony and was settled by men, women and children. Their disappearance is a mystery that remains unsolved nearly 400 years later.; Format: article

Rutherford Trace: In 1776, during the War for Independence, an expedition led by Griffith Rutherford sought to eliminate the Cherokee as a British ally and to punish them for attacking white settlements. In one month, Rutherford’s men left dozens of Cherokee villages in ruins with hundreds of acres of crops destroyed and livestock killed or seized. Residents of western North Carolina still tell multiple sides of the story.; Format: article

Cary's Rebellion: In Colonial North Carolina, page 3.1; Because North Carolina permitted religious freedom, Quakers made up a large portion of the colony's early population and were heavily represented in its government. A division opened in the colony between the Quaker party and supporters of the Church of England, and disputes between the two sides led to violence in 1710–1711.; Format: book

The fate of North Carolina's native peoples: In Colonial North Carolina, page 3.8; After the Tuscarora War (1711–1713) and Yamasee War (1715–1716), only the Cherokee among North Carolina's native peoples remained intact. The Coastal Plain and Piedmont were effectively cleared for European settlement.; Format: article; By David Walbert.

Of the inlets and havens of this country: In Colonial North Carolina, page 2.7; Excerpt from John Lawson's 1709 A New Voyage to Carolina detailing the geography of North Carolina's coast. Includes historical commentary and notes about how the coastline has changed since the colonial period.; Format: book; Commentary and sidebar notes by David Walbert.

Fort Dobbs and the French and Indian War in North Carolina: In Colonial North Carolina, page 8.2; During the French and Indian War (1754–1763), North Carolina settlers fought the Cherokee, sent troops to fight in the North, and built Fort Dobbs in Rowan County to defend the frontier.; Format: article

Juan Pardo, the Indians of Guatari, and first contact: In Prehistory, contact, and the Lost Colony, page 3.4; The Guatari Indians lived in an influential settlement near Trading Ford and were led by a female chief. In 1567, they encountered Spanish explorers led by Captain Juan Pardo who came through the North Carolina Piedmont with grand hopes of creating a powerful empire.; Format: article

Shadows of North Carolina's past: In Intrigue of the Past, page 4.2; Students will infer past Native American lifeways based on observation, construct a timeline of four major culture periods in Native American history, and compare these lifeways and discuss how they are different and alike.; Format: lesson plan (grade 8 Social Studies)

Shadows of a people: In Prehistory, contact, and the Lost Colony, page 2.3; Archaeologists divide North Carolina's prehistory -- the time before contact with Europeans -- into four periods: Paleoindian, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian.; Format: article

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