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K–12 teaching and learning · from the UNC School of Education

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A demon army attacks Rama
In The Ramayana, page 2.14
Standing gracefully on one foot, Prince Rama (at left) shoots an arrow at a group of demons sent by Ravana, as painted on a mural at the Emerald Buddha Temple. The demons, depicted in varied animal-like forms, crowd around their elephant mount.
By Lorraine Aragon.
Sugriva the red monkey king
In The Ramayana, page 4.16
In this mural scene from the Emerald Buddha Tempple, Sugriva lifts the top of the colorful umbrella with his left hand while attacking the demons inside with a sword held high in his right hand. Several tiny demons are falling head first over the sides from...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Ravana seems invincible
In The Ramayana, page 6.3
An Indian painting shows Rama shooting arrows in battle with Ravana's demons. On a bright yellow background, the painting shows Rama with dark blue skin stepping forward and shooting a volley of arrows with a drawn bow. He is wearing only a tunic skirt and...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Magical poisoned arrows
In The Ramayana, page 5.7
Hanuman in disguise as a bear watches Ravana's demons making magical poisoned arrows, as seen in a mural at the Emerald Buddha Temple. Ravana's demon son Intarachit sits upon a royal daybed in the forest in front of a giant tree stump as he makes the arrows....
By Lorraine Aragon.
The battle continues
In The Ramayana, page 3.8
This detail of a mural at the Emerald Buddha Temple, where Hanuman descends lithely down poles beside a circular well to seize the guards, shows how the powerful and clever monkey god can single-handedly defeat the hapless demons who defend Ravana's palace....
By Lorraine Aragon.
Hanuman searches for Sita
In The Ramayana, page 3.5
Sequential images of Hanuman looking for Sita in the demon Ravana's palace are seen on a Ramayana mural at the Emerald Buddha Temple. The two adjacent images illustrate how framed space is used to indicate time lapses in Thai temple mural paintings. Hanuman,...
By Lorraine Aragon.
The Ramayana
The Hindu epic The Ramayana is retold through the mural, painting, and dance of Southeast Asia.
Format: book (multiple pages)
Rama shoots arrow at group of demons with elephant (Thai Ramayana mural)
Rama shoots arrow at group of demons with elephant (Thai Ramayana mural)
Standing gracefully on one foot, Prince Rama shoots an arrow at a group of demons sent by Ravana, as painted on a mural at the Emerald Buddha Temple. The demons, depicted in varied animal-like forms, crowd around their elephant mount. Angry that Sita will...
Format: image/photograph
The demon king
In The Ramayana, page 2.5
Ravana sits on a palace platform with two of his wives, as seen on a mural at the Emerald Buddha Temple. Ravana has one arm around each wife's neck. The wives both have their right hands held to their faces, as if in grief. Another demon, perhaps a relative...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Sugriva attacks demons hiding in giant gilt umbrella (Thai Ramayana mural)
Sugriva attacks demons hiding in giant gilt umbrella (Thai Ramayana mural)
This scene from a mural at the Emerald Buddha Temple shows Sugriva, the red monkey king, attacking much smaller demons who are hiding in a giant royal umbrella in Ravana's kingdom. Sugriva lifts the top of the colorful umbrella with his left hand while attacking...
Format: image/photograph
Indian painting shows Rama shooting arrows in battle with Ravana's demons
Indian painting shows Rama shooting arrows in battle with Ravana's demons
An Indian painting shows Rama shooting arrows in battle with Ravana's demons. On a bright yellow background, the painting shows Rama with dark blue skin stpping forward and shooting a volley of arrows with a drawn bow. He is wearing only a tunic skirt and...
Format: image/photograph
Serpents attack Rama's troops
In The Ramayana, page 5.9
Rama's monkey allies struggle but many lay strewn on the ground, tangled in snakes. Towards the top left corner, the green-skinned Rama sits beside Laksman who is lying bound by a serpent.
By Lorraine Aragon.
An underground demon
In The Ramayana, page 4.14
This dark and fierce demon, whose top half is seen as if from above, has small tusks and curly hair. He is wearing a gold headdress and arm bands as he pushes the crust of the earth upward. The image is from a mural in the Emerald Buddha Temple.
By Lorraine Aragon.
A demon giant blocks the way
In The Ramayana, page 5.5
A demon giant, seen lying beyond Rama's pavilions, blocks the river's water with his body. The fanged demon lies on his side on the ground while holding his huge sword in his right hand. Rama's group is visible in the foreground as they wait in a Siamese-style...
By Lorraine Aragon.
A golden deer
In The Ramayana, page 2.7
A two image sequence on a mural painted at the Emerald Buddha Temple depicts a demon's intentional transformation into a deer. In the top image, his legs have turned into those of a golden deer. In the lower image, the demon is fully changed into the deer....
By Lorraine Aragon.
Ravana prepares a poison spear
In The Ramayana, page 5.1
Dressed in royal gold attire, the demon king Ravana sits in a luxurious crimson and blue T-shaped pavillion as he prepares a poisoned spear to fight Rama's army. Bowls of food and drink sit nearby for Ravana's comfort. Below the platform walking on the right...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Hanuman tricks a demon guard
In The Ramayana, page 3.4
On the Ramayana mural at the Emerald Buddha Temple, a detail shows the monkey god Hanuman entering a demon guardian's mouth as he attempts to cross the sea to Lanka. The demon is ornamented on the mural with gold leaf paint.
By Lorraine Aragon.
Ravana's dream
In The Ramayana, page 4.1
In this mural detail at the Emerald Buddha Temple, the demon king Ravana has his dream interpreted by his younger brother Bhibek, the royal astrologer. Ravana is shown here seated on a raised cushion in golden attire, waving his ten arms, while his brother...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Ravana continues the fight
In The Ramayana, page 6.2
Ravana arrives on his chariot to fight, as seen in a mural detail at the Emerald Buddha Temple. The ten-armed Ravana perches atop his gold chariot wielding spears, swords, and lances in each hand. His remaining allies, dressed in gold, run at the sides of...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Playing dead
In The Ramayana, page 4.3
Floating on her back extended in the water, Ravana's niece pretends to be the dead Sita, as seen in a painted mural detail at the Emerald Buddha Temple. The niece is dressed in royal Siamese clothes and a tall crown, all painted in gold leaf paint. Tall rocks...
By Lorraine Aragon.