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- Brown versus Board of Education: Rhetoric and realities
- In this lesson, students will listen to three oral histories that shed light on political and personal reactions toward the 1954 Supreme Court ruling Brown versus Board of Education. Includes a teacher's guide as well as the oral history audio excerpts and transcripts.
- Format: lesson plan (multiple pages)
- Civil rights protests and dilemmas
- In this lesson students explore well-known civil rights protests then listen to two oral histories of individuals who protested in their own way to promote equality for African Americans. Students specifically will consider personal risks involved in protest.
- Format: lesson plan (multiple pages)
- Arthur Griffin on desegregation
- Arthur Griffin is an African American man who attended segregated schools in the 1950s and 1960s. He graduated from Second Ward High School, an African-American high school in Charlotte, North Carolina which closed in 1969. He later became involved in school...
- Format: audio/interview
- Madge Hopkins oral history excerpt (desegregation)
- Madge Hopkins attended segregated schools in Charlotte, North Carolina. She remembers hearing abut Dorothy Counts, a young woman she knew through church, becoming one of the first four students to desegregate Charlotte’s schools. Counts struggled with verbal...
- Format: audio/interview
- Martin Luther King, Jr. Online Visitor Information Center
- Maintained by the National Park Service this web page is useful for anyone planning a trip to the King historic site in Atlanta, GA or interested in the life of the civil rights leader.
- Format: article/field trip opportunity
- A record of school desegregation: Conduct your own oral history project
- In this unit for grade 8, students will research the history of school desegregation, and will use their knowledge to conduct oral history interviews with community members. Students will reflect on the experience through writing.
- Format: lesson plan (grade 8 Social Studies)
- By Dayna Durbin Gleaves.
- Arthur Griffin oral history excerpt
- Arthur Griffin is an African-American man who attended segregated schools in the 1950s and 1960s. He graduated from Second Ward High School, an African-American high school in Charlotte, North Carolina which closed in 1969. He later became involved in school...
- Format: audio/interview
- School desegregation pioneers
- In this lesson, students will learn about the challenges faced by the first students to desegregate Southern schools. Students will hear oral histories telling the story of desegregation pioneers from Alabama and North Carolina and critically analyze images of school desegregation. They will synthesize the information by writing a narrative from the point of view of a black student desegregating a white school.
- Format: lesson plan
- By Dayna Durbin Gleaves.
- Little Rock, 1959. Mob marching from capitol to Central High

- Photograph shows a young African American boy watching a group of people, some carrying American flags, march past to protest the admission of the "Little Rock Nine" to Central High School.
- Format: image/photograph
- Ned Irons on desegregation
- Ned Irons is a white student who attended West Charlotte High School in Charlotte, North Carolina during the late 1990s, many years after the Swann ruling had forced the school to integrate in the early 1970s but before busing ended in 2001. West Charlotte...
- Format: audio/interview
- Latrelle MacAllister on desegregation
- Latrelle MacAllister is an African-American woman who attended West Charlotte High School in Charlotte, North Carolina from 1973 until 1976, during the first years of integration. She speaks about her experiences of both segregated and integrated schools during...
- Format: audio/interview
- Desegregating public schools: Integrated vs. neighborhood schools
- In this high school lesson plan, students will learn about the history of the "separate but equal" U.S. school system and the 1971 Swann case which forced Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools to integrate. Students will examine the pros and cons of integration achieved through busing, and will write an argumentative essay drawing on information from oral histories.
- Format: lesson plan (grade 10–12 English Language Arts and Social Studies)
- By Dayna Durbin Gleaves.
- William Hamlin oral history excerpt
- William Hamlin attended segregated schools in Charlotte, NC in the 1950s and 1960s, but later sent his children to integrated schools. Here, he explains his opinions about integrated schools, and why tolerance of others may be more important than legal desegregation....
- Format: audio/interview
- Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, affirmed and remanded (1955)
- In Brown II the court delegated the task of carrying out the desegregation to district courts with orders that desegregation occur “with all deliberate speed.”
- Format: court decision/primary source
- William Culp oral history excerpt
- Excerpt from oral history interview with William Culp, a teacher who taught at an integrated school in Charlotte. Although he attended segregated schools in the 1950s, William Culp’s children attended integrated schools in Charlotte, NC in the 1970s and...
- Format: audio/interview
- Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
- Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, 402 U.S. 1 (1971) was an important United States Supreme Court case dealing with the busing of students to promote integration in public schools.
- Format: court decision/primary source
- De facto vs. de jure segregation
- This lesson for grades 11 and 12 will help students understand the difference between de facto and de jure segregation. Students will listen to three oral history excerpts and discuss the experiences of segregation described in each. As a follow-up activity, students will brainstorm solutions to both de facto and de jure segregation.
- Format: lesson plan (grade 11–12 Social Studies)
- By Dayna Durbin Gleaves.
- African American history
- A guide to lesson plans, articles, and websites to help bring African American history alive in your classroom.
- Format: bibliography/help
- Joanne Peerman oral history excerpt
- Joanne Peerman attended middle and high school during the late 1960s and early 1970s, the first years of school desegregation in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Her father was the head football coach at the all-black high school before integration, but held the...
- Format: audio/interview
- Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
- In Brown versus Board of Education: Rhetoric and realities, page 2.5
- The text of the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, that the segregation of public schools was in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.