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Bear Island dunes (1): In Large sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 4; We will begin our trip by visiting Bear Island, the undeveloped island of the pair of large sand volume barrier islands. Figure 3 shows the high volume sand dunes on Bear Island. These dunes are about 50 feet high and cover an area about 5 miles long and one-half...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Recreation and dune stability: In Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks, page 15; The National Park Service has allowed nature to take its course at Coquina Beach. Although the palisade dunes built in the 1930s continue to buffer the beach from frequent overwash events, heavy recreational use has threatened the stability of the dunes. Humans...; By Blair Tormey and Dirk Frankenberg.

Bear Island dunes (2): In Large sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 5; Figure 4 shows the crests of dunes on the landward side of Bear Island and the back-barrier salt marsh stretching toward the mainland. By estimating the distance from the dune crests to the salt marsh surface, we can see that the dunes are tall, and once again...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Rebuilding dunes: In Small sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 14; Figure 12 shows new dunes built to provide protection from the next storm's overwash. The sand for this construction has been scraped off roads and overwash fans further back on the island. It has been cleaned of debris by passing it through a slatted steel...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Back-barrier salt marsh: In Large sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 6; Figure 5 shows the back-barrier salt marsh with a dune crest visible on the right and an area of maritime forest in the left background. This will allow you to confirm your estimate of the height of the dunes and the role these high dunes have in protecting...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Large sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks: This Carolina Environmental Diversity Explorations “virtual field trip” explores the nature and structure of barrier islands with large sand volume, on which built structures are relatively well insulated from hurricane damage.; Format: slideshow (multiple pages)

East end of Bear Island: In Large sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 11; Figure 10 shows the low dunes and beachfront at the east end of Bear Island. The dunes here have been destroyed by a combination of hurricane winds, storm surge and waves. It is clear from the numerous stumps and dead trunks that this was not a beach in the...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Dunes nearer the ocean: In Large sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 9; Figure 8 shows the Bear Island dunefield nearer the ocean than those shown in previous photographs and also closer to the inlet that separates Bear Island from Bogue Banks. Bogue Banks, our next stop on this field trip, is a developed barrier island, as you...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Dune formation: In Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks, page 4; The migration of dunes in response to the prevailing winds is an important process on the Outer Banks. Nags Head Woods is flanked on three sides by large dune fields. To the north of the woods is the Run Hill dune field. Run Hill Dune is an unusually large,...; By Blair Tormey and Dirk Frankenberg.

Seaward slope of a dune: In Large sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 14; Figure 13 shows the seaward slope of large dunes near the beach in Fort Macon State Park. These dunes are more than 50 feet high and form a relatively continuous barrier that protects areas behind them from salt spray. The seaward dune face shown here is rather...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Fort Macon State Park: In Large sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 13; Figure 12 shows the dunefield at Fort Macon State Park on Bogue Banks. This is a typical setting for maritime shrub and forest development. Note the large and well vegetated dunes. These raised mounds of sand are called hummocky dunes — a...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks: This Carolina Environmental Diversity Explorations “virtual field trip” examines how coastal process continuously alter the structure of the Outer Banks, and how humans have adapted to and resisted these changes.; Format: slideshow (multiple pages)

Hurricanes on sandy shorelines: Lessons for development: A Carolina Environmental Diversity Explorations “virtual field trip” that examines the sand sharing system of sedimentary coastlines and the impact of hurricanes on those coastlines and on human development.; Format: slideshow (multiple pages)

Vegetation as a protective barrier: In Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks, page 13; Vegetation on the dunes at Coquina Beach plays a crucial role in their ability to protect the island from storm overwash. Close inspection of the partially eroded primary dune offers a unique view of the anastomosing pattern of rhizomes that help to stabilize...; By Blair Tormey and Dirk Frankenberg.

Living in dunefields: In Hurricanes on sandy shorelines: Lessons for development, page 21; If you don't build in a maritime forest on a barrier island, you probably will have to build in the dunefields or the mid-island flats. Most houses on Figure Eight are built on one or the other. Figure 18 shows three choices for construction on nearshore dunes....; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Dune erosion on Bear Island: In Hurricanes on sandy shorelines: Lessons for development, page 10; Figure 7 shows that not all of the barrier islands are flattened when hurricanes make landfall over them. This photograph shows the beach and seawardmost dunes of Bear Island after five hurricanes battered them in two years. The remnants of dead maritime thicket...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Vegetation and dunes: In Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks, page 5; The northeast winds are generally stronger than those from the southwest, causing the Run Hill Dune to migrate overall to the southwest. Though sea oats, sea grapes, and American beach grass growing on the dune tend to slow its migration, there is simply not...; By Blair Tormey and Dirk Frankenberg.

Small and large sand volume barrier islands: In Small sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 1; Barrier islands are the dominant geographic feature of sandy coastlines, but recurring storm damage on some demonstrates that different barrier islands present very different levels of risk to residential development. One of the best indicators of development...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Wildflowers at Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park in Kanab, Utah: Clumps of yellow wildflowers sprout from a dune in Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park, in Kanab, Utah. The sharp spine of the dune arcs in a graceful curve. The sand is eroded from Navajo sandstone from the Middle Jurassic geologic period, and its hue is derived...; Format: image/photograph

A sandy vista at Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park near Kanab, Utah: Clumps of yellow wildflowers and blue grasses cover a foreground of pink sand dunes that frames the mountains and cliffs in the background at Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park near Kanab, Utah. Afternoon light casts deep shadows in the dips and furrows of the...; Format: image/photograph

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LEARN NC, a program of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Education, finds the most innovative and successful practices in K–12 education and makes them available to the teachers and students of North Carolina — and the world.