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Three-year burns: In Forests and fires: The longleaf pine savanna, page 4; Figure 3 shows a longleaf savanna that is being burned at three year intervals. Note the almost complete absence of broadleaf trees on the forest floor, and the pines of many different sizes. The different sized pines indicate that pine regeneration has occurred...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Longleaf pine savanna: In Wetlands of the coastal plains, page 3; We begin with the longleaf pine savanna. We start with this habitat not only because longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) is the official state tree, but also because these habitats are simply beautiful to behold. These communities evolved...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Sandhill scrub: In Wetlands of the coastal plains, page 5; The field trip continues with a visit to one of the few permanently dry habitats on the coastal plain. The home of the desert-like sandhill scrub community shown in Figure 4. These communities are found on the crest of old shoreline ridges. To reach them we...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

The savanna: In Forests and fires: The longleaf pine savanna, page 3; Figures 1 and 2 are general views of longleaf pine savannas in Camp Lejeune. You can see why Captain John Smith said of these habitats, “Of thicks [thickets] there were none” when he crossed these savannas in his seventeenth-century explorations...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Wire grass plants: In Forests and fires: The longleaf pine savanna, page 8; Figure 7 shows the tops of wire grass plants growing in the open areas of the savanna shown in Figure 6. Note that these plants have developed viable seed in the aftermath of the fire. It appears that fire is essential for production...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Long Leaf Pine: The longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) is native to the southeastern United States. Longleaf pines once covered 30 to 60 million acres of land on the southeastern coastal plains, but their numbers have been drastically reduced due to logging....; Format: image/photograph

Fire!: In Forests and fires: The longleaf pine savanna, page 9; Figure 8 shows what you have probably been wanting to see from the beginning: a fire in the longleaf pine savanna. This photograph was taken in the spring of 1999 when controlled burns during the growing season were carried out at many sites within Camp Lejeune....; By Dirk Frankenberg.

How did longleaf pine forests become dependent on fire?: In Forests and fires: The longleaf pine savanna, page 2; “Fire-dependent forest” seems like an oxymoron — a combination of apparently contradictory terms put together to produce what seems to be a paradox. For southeastern pine savannas, though, the term fire-dependent defines the dominant...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Mature pine savanna: In Forests and fires: The longleaf pine savanna, page 6; Figure 5 shows a pine savanna that is more mature than those shown earlier. The area illustrated is being managed as habitat for one the signature species of the longleaf pine savanna, the red cockaded woodpecker. These small birds nest in old-growth longleaf,...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Wetlands of the coastal plains: This Carolina Environmental Diversity Explorations “virtual field trip” explores the various wetlands of North Carolina's coastal plain and the plant communities found there.; Format: slideshow (multiple pages)

Adaptation to frequent fires: In Wetlands of the coastal plains, page 4; In addition to fire-resistant bark, longleaf pines have a number of other adaptations to their frequent-fire habitat other than their fire resistant bark. For example, their seedlings have a growth cycle that helps them escape fires. After seeds are shed from...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Forest floor: In Forests and fires: The longleaf pine savanna, page 12; Figure 11 shows the condition of the forest floor two months after a controlled burn in an area which had more hardwood fuel than those illustrated in Figures 9 and 10. Note the large number of burned stems and their dense coverage of areas to the right and...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

1869 map of North Carolina: An 1869 color map of North Carolina. The map is shaded in three colors according to the forestation in different areas of the state: "Region of Coast Growth," "Long Leaf Pines," and "Oaks." Additional markings show the locations of mineral resources, including...; Format: image/article

Weymouth Woods Sandhills Nature Preserve: Called the "pine barrens" by the settlers to the Sandhills, the Weymouth Woods Sandhills Nature Preserve protects a remnant of the plant and animal communities of long ago.; Format: article/field trip opportunity

Naval stores and the longleaf pine: In Colonial North Carolina, page 6.4; North Carolina's extensive longleaf pine forests provided the natural resources needed to produce materials needed to build and maintain ships -- not only timber but tar, pitch, and rosin. These "naval stores" became North Carolina's most important indusstry in the eighteenth century, but today, the longleaf pine forests are nearly gone.; Format: article; By David Walbert.

What is a wetland, and why do we have so many types?: In Wetlands of the coastal plains, page 2; The legal definition of a wetland has become controversial as wetlands have gained a measure of protection from uncontrolled ditching and draining. This protection has been accorded them as their role in sustaining high water quality and wildlife habitat has...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Jones Lake State Park: A visit to Jones Lake Park not only teaches students about the habitats and animals that can be found there, but the phenomenon of the Carolina Bays is also explored.; Format: article/field trip opportunity

Antebellum North Carolina: Primary sources and readings explore North Carolina in the antebellum period (1830–1860). Topics include slavery, daily life, agriculture, industry, technology, and the arts, as well as the events leading to secession and civil war.; Format: book (multiple pages)

From Caledonia to Carolina: The Highland Scots: In Colonial North Carolina, page 5.5; Many Scots immigrated to North Carolina due to growing population, changing methods of farming, and the defeat of the Highland Scots by English and Scottish forces in 1746. The first organized settlement of Highland Scots was in Cumberland County, where 350 people moved to in 1739.; Format: article; By Kathryn Beach.

The lost landscape of the Piedmont: In Prehistory, contact, and the Lost Colony, page 5.5; The Piedmont region of North Carolina is unrecognizable compared to the landscape of 400 years ago. Where man-made lakes now sit were huge bottomland forests. While pine trees accounted for only a small percentage of Piedmont acreage, they now dominate the region's forests -- a result of clearing hardwoods to create farmland. Other once-prominent landscapes include areas of grassland known as “Piedmont prairie,” and upland depression swamps where the clay soils often kept moisture on the land’s surface.; Format: article

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