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Child labor in North Carolina's textile mills: The photographs of Lewis Hine show the lives and work of children in North Carolina's textile mill villages in the first decades of the twentieth century.; Format: slideshow (multiple pages)

Old Gilliam Mill: Located on Big Pocket Creek, the mill was built by Howell and John Gilliam in 1856. It is one of the largest grist and cotton mills in Central North Carolina.; Format: article/field trip opportunity

White Oak Cotton Mills (postcard): Postcard shows the White Oak Cotton Mills (a division of Greensboro-based Cone Mills) and several houses in the mill village. A river runs between the mill and the village.; Format: image/ephemera

Some of the larger spinners in Catawba Cotton Mills, Newton, N.C.: Format: image/photograph

Making yarn in a cotton mill: A worker at White Oak Mills in Greensboro, North Carolina, makes yarn.; Format: image/photograph

Demolition of the Fieldcrest Cannon Mills: This is a photo taken during the demolition of the Fieldcrest Cannon Mills in Kannapolis, North Carolina, in 2004. The area is now home to the Fieldcrest Cannon Village and Textile Museum, which tells of the mill town's history and legacy.; Format: image/photograph

Railroads and textile mills in North Carolina, 1896: Format: image/map

Railroads and tobacco mills in North Carolina, 1896: Format: image/map

From field to bowl: In Rice farming and rural life in Vietnam, page 11; Harvested rice grains generally are stored in their husks until needed for food. At that time, the husks must be removed either in large stone or wood mortars with pestles wielded by farmers, or by the kind of mechanical threshing machine seen here. Such machines...; By Lorraine Aragon.

Housing conditions of the workers in Cannon Mills, Concord, North Carolina: This photograph of mill town housing in Concord, North Carolina shows the conditions that workers for the Cannon textile mill lived in. The clapboard houses are very small and sit in the shadow of the mill with its smokestacks billowing dark smoke. The yards...; Format: image/photograph

Alice P. Evitt oral history excerpt (child labor): Alice P. Evitt was born in 1898 and began working at the cotton mills near Charlotte, North Carolina in 1910 when she was 12 years old. She worked 12 hours a day, every day except Sunday, and earned 25 cents a day for her work. In this except, Ms. Evitt talks...; Format: audio/interview

Textile mills in North Carolina, 1896: Map shows locations of North Carolina cotton and woolen mills, 1896. Counties are drawn with present-day boundaries for reference.; Format: image/map

Mill houses in Kannapolis, NC: These are mill houses in Kannapolis, North Carolina. Kannapolis was formerly dominated by the textile industry, but many of the mills that surrounded the area have been shut down or demolished.; Format: image/photograph

Doffers in Trenton Mills, Gastonia, N.C.: Four young boys called doffers can be seen pushing bins full of bobbins of thread through a textile mill in this photograph taken in 1908. Doffers replaced the full bobbins with empty ones in the spinning area of the mill. The sepia photograph shows the spinning...; Format: image/photograph

Industrialization in North Carolina: In North Carolina in the New South, page 2.3; Industrialization needed five things -- capital, labor, raw materials, markets, and transportation -- and in the 1870s, North Carolina had all of them. This article explains the process of industrialization in North Carolina, with maps of factory and railroad growth.; Format: article; By David Walbert.

Hand-grinder in operation: Jas, a trekking guide, demonstrates the use of a hand grinder. The grinder is a very simple apparatus consisting of two parts: a spindle which is fixed to the floor, and a heavy stone disk which is fitted over the spindle by a hole in the center. The stone...; Format: image/photograph

Life in the mill villages: In North Carolina in the New South, page 3.3; By 1900, more than nine-tenths of textile workers lived in villages owned by the companies that employed them. Mill villages included stores, churches, and schools, but workers found ways to avoid too much dependence on their employers.; Format: article; By James Leloudis and Kathryn Walbert.

A water-powered mill: On the trail between from Ghorepaani and Taatopaani, Nepal, a water-powered stone grinder -- or mill -- spins above the grain collector. Water mills, called Paani Ghatta in Nepal, are an important innovation in mountain agriculture. Water is channeled...; Format: image/photograph

Ila Hartsell Dodson oral history excerpt (labor unions): Ila Hartsell Dodson was born in 1907 in South Carolina and began working in the Brandon Cotton Mill at age 14. Her mother, father, and all of her nine siblings worked for various cotton mills in North and South Carolina. She met her husband working in the...; Format: audio/interview

Two young spinners in Catawba Cotton Mills.: In this sepia photograph taken in December of 1908, a young girl with her hair pulled back is seen standing at a spinning machine in a textile mill.There is cotton lint on the wooden floor boards under the machines. Two women can be seen working at the spinning...; Format: image/photograph

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LEARN NC, a program of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Education, finds the most innovative and successful practices in K–12 education and makes them available to the teachers and students of North Carolina — and the world.