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K–12 teaching and learning · from the UNC School of Education

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The Ramayana
The Hindu epic The Ramayana is retold through the mural, painting, and dance of Southeast Asia.
Format: book (multiple pages)
The demon king
In The Ramayana, page 2.5
Ravana sits on a palace platform with two of his wives, as seen on a mural at the Emerald Buddha Temple. Ravana has one arm around each wife's neck. The wives both have their right hands held to their faces, as if in grief. Another demon, perhaps a relative...
By Lorraine Aragon.
An heir to the throne
In The Ramayana, page 1.2
In this painting, the green-skinned king at left and the white-skinned queen at the right sit together on a blue painted platform under a gold-leaf painted arch representing their tiered roof palace at Ayudhya.
By Lorraine Aragon.
A deathbed plot
In The Ramayana, page 1.10
This Indian painting shows Rama's father on his royal bed as he nears death. A wife and son are at his side.
By Lorraine Aragon.
Hanuman searches for Sita
In The Ramayana, page 3.5
Sequential images of Hanuman looking for Sita in the demon Ravana's palace are seen on a Ramayana mural at the Emerald Buddha Temple. The two adjacent images illustrate how framed space is used to indicate time lapses in Thai temple mural paintings. Hanuman,...
By Lorraine Aragon.
The Garuda king
In The Ramayana, page 5.11
The bird-headed Garuda king swoops down and grips three wriggling green serpents in its claws. The front of the Garuda king is brown while his crown, wings, and tail feathers are painted in gold leaf.
By Lorraine Aragon.
Geometry and art: Art museum pre-visit
This lesson is the first of a three-part unit integrating math, writing and visual arts. In this discovery learning activity, students look at and compare two works of art. The paintings are quite different, but they contain many examples of geometric shapes. Students then complete a comment sheet, explaining what is similar and different about the works of art. This lesson can be used alone or used to prepare students for an art museum visit.
Format: lesson plan (grade 2 Visual Arts Education and English Language Arts)
By Loretta Hopper.
Serpents attack Rama's troops
In The Ramayana, page 5.9
Rama's monkey allies struggle but many lay strewn on the ground, tangled in snakes. Towards the top left corner, the green-skinned Rama sits beside Laksman who is lying bound by a serpent.
By Lorraine Aragon.
Sita proves her purity
In The Ramayana, page 6.13
In this mural detail, Sita stands calmly in a gated area with flames burning around the lotus blossom platform on which she stands. One of the monkey kings lights the fire with a torch in front, while other monkey king spectators are visible at right.
By Lorraine Aragon.
An underground demon
In The Ramayana, page 4.14
This dark and fierce demon, whose top half is seen as if from above, has small tusks and curly hair. He is wearing a gold headdress and arm bands as he pushes the crust of the earth upward. The image is from a mural in the Emerald Buddha Temple.
By Lorraine Aragon.
Hanuman tries to stop the sun
In The Ramayana, page 5.3
A two-faced and eight-armed Hanuman is flying out of the clouds to grab the outer rings of a gold, red, and green sun. The sun is shown here as a nested set of colored concentric circles. A mountain and forest scene is visible below.
By Lorraine Aragon.
An artist at work in Jaipur, India
An artist at work in Jaipur, India
In Jaipur, India, an artist sits at a small desk, intent on his work. He uses a brush to paint a small picture of a deity. Behind him, a display case is filled with carved works, and other paintings framed in mat board lean against a cabinet.
Format: image/photograph
Laksman is wounded
In The Ramayana, page 5.2
In this scene, the mortally wounded Laksman lies on his side near boulders in the forest. Rama sits close beside him while the monkey kings and courtiers gather in front of them in a semi-circle. The poison spear now rests on the ground as it has been pulled...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Hanuman crushes Ravana's soul container
In The Ramayana, page 6.8
Balancing on his right leg, Hanuman grips the wooden cylinder with both hands and his left foot. Hanuman's face looks to the right side of the frame with his mouth wide open in triumph. Hanuman is dressed in gold pants and jewelry with a red waistband, whose...
By Lorraine Aragon.
A demon giant blocks the way
In The Ramayana, page 5.5
A demon giant, seen lying beyond Rama's pavilions, blocks the river's water with his body. The fanged demon lies on his side on the ground while holding his huge sword in his right hand. Rama's group is visible in the foreground as they wait in a Siamese-style...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Sumela Greek Orthodox paintings
Sumela  Greek Orthodox paintings
In the Sumela Monastery, a Greek Orthodox painting portrays two haloed people, one who looks like an angel with large golden wings coming out of their back, the other dressed in robes. The wall behind the painting has holes in it, creating a very damaged look...
Format: image/photograph
A demon army attacks Rama
In The Ramayana, page 2.14
Standing gracefully on one foot, Prince Rama (at left) shoots an arrow at a group of demons sent by Ravana, as painted on a mural at the Emerald Buddha Temple. The demons, depicted in varied animal-like forms, crowd around their elephant mount.
By Lorraine Aragon.
A golden deer
In The Ramayana, page 2.7
A two image sequence on a mural painted at the Emerald Buddha Temple depicts a demon's intentional transformation into a deer. In the top image, his legs have turned into those of a golden deer. In the lower image, the demon is fully changed into the deer....
By Lorraine Aragon.
Ravana prepares a poison spear
In The Ramayana, page 5.1
Dressed in royal gold attire, the demon king Ravana sits in a luxurious crimson and blue T-shaped pavillion as he prepares a poisoned spear to fight Rama's army. Bowls of food and drink sit nearby for Ravana's comfort. Below the platform walking on the right...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Hanuman tricks a demon guard
In The Ramayana, page 3.4
On the Ramayana mural at the Emerald Buddha Temple, a detail shows the monkey god Hanuman entering a demon guardian's mouth as he attempts to cross the sea to Lanka. The demon is ornamented on the mural with gold leaf paint.
By Lorraine Aragon.