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Salt marsh: In Evidence of rising sea level: Coastal erosion and plant community changes, page 7; As you move toward the mainland along the Down East peninsula, you quickly find land lying even lower and flatter than that shown in Figure 5. This land is irregularly flooded with sea water and can only grow species of salt marsh plants that can tolerate...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Making salt: In Northern and coastal Vietnam: Waterway settlements and Chinese influences, page 7; This wide landscape view of salt-making fields along the coast south of Nha Trang shows sea water evaporating in some front and back fields, while salt is nearly ready for harvest in the middle fields. This type of salt production is a low-cost technology...; By Lorraine Aragon.

Pine forest and salt marsh: In Evidence of rising sea level: Coastal erosion and plant community changes, page 11; Other aspects of salt marsh distribution are also indicators of recent sea level rise. The best example is found where salt marsh plants are extending their range into habitats dominated by plants that cannot tolerate frequent exposure to salt water. This...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Back-barrier salt marsh: In Large sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 6; Figure 5 shows the back-barrier salt marsh with a dune crest visible on the right and an area of maritime forest in the left background. This will allow you to confirm your estimate of the height of the dunes and the role these high dunes have in protecting...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Salt marshes: In Wetlands of the coastal plains, page 15; The single most important ecological feature of salt marshes along coastal rivers is their immersion/exposure cycle. The lower the marsh, the longer the surface is immersed in tidal waters. Low marshes in North Carolina are dominated by smooth cordgrass (; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Salt marsh and tidal water: In Evidence of rising sea level: Coastal erosion and plant community changes, page 8; Figure 7 gives another view of the salt marsh shown in Figure 6. Here, you can see the similarity in height of the tidal water and the marsh surface.; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Living in a salt marsh: In Hurricanes on sandy shorelines: Lessons for development, page 18; Figure 15 shows an extreme example of siting a house as far as possible from the beachfront. This one appears to be built mostly on the salt marsh on the landward side of the island. It survived Hurricanes Dennis and Floyd without a scratch, but storm surges...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Sediment salt marshes: In A blackwater river from sea to source: The White Oak River transect, page 6; Figure 4 shows salt marshes growing inside the mouth of Bogue Inlet on sediment that has settled out of flooding tides. Areas of open water separate these marshes, but there is clearly more marsh than open water this close to the inlet. How these plants got...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Developing salt marsh: In Evidence of rising sea level: Coastal erosion and plant community changes, page 12; In case you were doubtful that salt marshes can really invade and take over forested areas, I have included Figure 11 to lay these doubts to rest. In this photograph you will see a developing salt marsh with the trunks and roots of the preexisting forest still...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

From freshwater to salt marsh: In Wetlands of the coastal plains, page 14; Our boat drifts slowly downstream past swamp forests and freshwater marshes. (My boat of choice for this part of the trip has no motor because I am in no hurry to get past the wildflowers, birds, and abundant wildlife that decorate the lower extremities of...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Evidence of rising sea level: Coastal erosion and plant community changes: A Carolina Environmental Diversity Explorations “virtual field trip” that examines the causes and effects of changes in sea level, both short-term (as a result of storms) and long-term (as a result of climate change).; Format: slideshow (multiple pages)

Extensive salt marsh: In A blackwater river from sea to source: The White Oak River transect, page 7; Figure 5 is a view looking towards the mainland from the high dunes on Bear Island. It shows the extensive salt marsh that has developed on intertidal sands and mud west of Bogue Inlet. These are the marshes you could see in the right-hand background of figure...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

White Oak River estuary: In A blackwater river from sea to source: The White Oak River transect, page 8; Figure 6 is a view of the high salinity, open water area of the White Oak River estuary about 4 miles inland of the mouth. Salt marsh still occurs on the estuary floor, but it is clearly much less extensive than closer to the ocean and its sources of sediment....; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Flooded marsh: In Evidence of rising sea level: Coastal erosion and plant community changes, page 10; Rising sea level also breaks up continuous expanses of salt marsh, like those shown in Figures 6 and 7, into smaller habitats like the one shown here. Isolated islands of salt marsh are often, but not always, a sign of rising sea level and marsh erosion. The...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Salt marsh cord grass & black needle rush plants (2): In A blackwater river from sea to source: The White Oak River transect, page 10; Figure 8 shows a typical zonation of the two salt marsh plants shown first in figure 7. Note that the salt marsh cord grass is close to the water both in the foreground and background. The black needle rush does not appear in the foreground at all, but occupies...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Red cedar marsh invasion: In A blackwater river from sea to source: The White Oak River transect, page 11; Figure 9 is a view of another tributary creek to the White Oak. Here, about 7 miles from the sea, we find that most of the marsh is dominated by black needle rush, with salt marsh cord grass occurring only in a few light-green patches along the water's edge....; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Maritime forest: In Evidence of rising sea level: Coastal erosion and plant community changes, page 13; Pine forests are not the only type of forest that salt marshes can invade during periods of rising sea level. Figure 12 shows a salt marsh in an area between beach ridges on Bogue Banks extending laterally into a maritime forest of live oaks and other hardwoods....; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Salt marsh: In Cape Fear estuaries: From river to sea, page 6; Dropping to earth, we'll visit a salt marsh near Barnard's Creek, a few miles south of Wilmington's center. The dominant plant here is salt marsh cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora). Other plants include sea lavender and sea oxeye. The...; By Steve Keith.

Allen Creek: In Cape Fear estuaries: From river to sea, page 7; Moving south and to the opposite bank of the river, we come across Allen Creek. This side of the river is much less accessible, and wide expanses of marsh and swamp remain. Note the distinct tree line indicating a rather homogeneous change in elevation. In...; By Steve Keith.

Salt marsh invasion: In A blackwater river from sea to source: The White Oak River transect, page 12; Whereas figure 9 seemed to show trees invading a marsh, figure 10 shows salt marsh invading a forest. The Juncos marsh shown here has grown up under the trees of a forest community known as the Estuarine Fringe Loblolly Pine Forest....; By Dirk Frankenberg.

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LEARN NC, a program of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Education, finds the most innovative and successful practices in K–12 education and makes them available to the teachers and students of North Carolina — and the world.