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Bear Island dunes (1): In Large sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 4; We will begin our trip by visiting Bear Island, the undeveloped island of the pair of large sand volume barrier islands. Figure 3 shows the high volume sand dunes on Bear Island. These dunes are about 50 feet high and cover an area about 5 miles long and one-half...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Rebuilding dunes: In Small sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 14; Figure 12 shows new dunes built to provide protection from the next storm's overwash. The sand for this construction has been scraped off roads and overwash fans further back on the island. It has been cleaned of debris by passing it through a slatted steel...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Large sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks: This Carolina Environmental Diversity Explorations “virtual field trip” explores the nature and structure of barrier islands with large sand volume, on which built structures are relatively well insulated from hurricane damage.; Format: slideshow (multiple pages)

Dune grasses: In Large sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 18; There are things people can do to retain or increase sand volume on barrier islands. One of these is to plant dune grasses like those in Figure 17. Not only do such plantings stabilize the sand that already exists by reducing the ability of wind to move it...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Closer view of an ancient shoreline: In Large sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 3; In Figure 2 we can see the vertical extent of the ridge shown in Figure 1. This is a sand pit dug into the Swansboro Ridge near Bear Island. As you can see, the ridge rises more than 40 feet from the water table (the pond in the lower left background) to the...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Dune erosion on Bear Island: In Hurricanes on sandy shorelines: Lessons for development, page 10; Figure 7 shows that not all of the barrier islands are flattened when hurricanes make landfall over them. This photograph shows the beach and seawardmost dunes of Bear Island after five hurricanes battered them in two years. The remnants of dead maritime thicket...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Small and large sand volume barrier islands: In Small sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 1; Barrier islands are the dominant geographic feature of sandy coastlines, but recurring storm damage on some demonstrates that different barrier islands present very different levels of risk to residential development. One of the best indicators of development...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Bear Island dunes (2): In Large sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 5; Figure 4 shows the crests of dunes on the landward side of Bear Island and the back-barrier salt marsh stretching toward the mainland. By estimating the distance from the dune crests to the salt marsh surface, we can see that the dunes are tall, and once again...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Small sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks: This Carolina Environmental Diversity Explorations “virtual field trip” explores the nature and structure of barrier islands with small sand volume, on which built structures are highly susceptible to damage from hurricanes.; Format: slideshow (multiple pages)

Seaward slope of a dune: In Large sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 14; Figure 13 shows the seaward slope of large dunes near the beach in Fort Macon State Park. These dunes are more than 50 feet high and form a relatively continuous barrier that protects areas behind them from salt spray. The seaward dune face shown here is rather...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Dune formation: In Natural and human impacts on the northern Outer Banks, page 4; The migration of dunes in response to the prevailing winds is an important process on the Outer Banks. Nags Head Woods is flanked on three sides by large dune fields. To the north of the woods is the Run Hill dune field. Run Hill Dune is an unusually large,...; By Blair Tormey and Dirk Frankenberg.

Overwash fan on Masonboro Island: In Hurricanes on sandy shorelines: Lessons for development, page 8; Figure 5 shows you some of the sand that was washed landward on Masonboro Island by hurricanes Dennis and Floyd. It was washed into and over the salt marsh, forming what geologists call an overwash fan. This structure forms like a river delta, in that water...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Another overwash fan: In Small sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 13; Figure 11 shows the last overwash fan on this trip, I promise. This one destroyed the dune over which this walkway was built and moved the sand landward to cover the walkway deck in the background. If you look closely you will see a change in color on the...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

East end of Bear Island: In Large sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 11; Figure 10 shows the low dunes and beachfront at the east end of Bear Island. The dunes here have been destroyed by a combination of hurricane winds, storm surge and waves. It is clear from the numerous stumps and dead trunks that this was not a beach in the...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Beachfront dune: In Large sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 12; Figure 11 shows a close up view of the largest beachfront dune in Figure 10 (the steep fronted one in the left background of that photograph). In this close-up view you can see that this dune is already starting to be restored by sand collecting at its base....; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Bogue Inlet: In Large sand volume barrier islands: Environmental processes and development risks, page 10; Figure 9 shows the Bear Island beach near Bogue Inlet. This area appears as a white band in the right middle distance in Figure 8. Note the almost continuous maritime grassland in the foreground and bare sand stretching back into the salt marsh on the shore...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

Tracks across the sand at Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park: Animal tracks across the sand at Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park near Kanab, Utah. The sand is eroded from Navajo sandstone from the Middle Jurassic geologic period, and its hue is derived from the same iron oxides that color its parent rock. The sand dunes...; Format: image/photograph

A sandy vista at Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park near Kanab, Utah: Clumps of yellow wildflowers and blue grasses cover a foreground of pink sand dunes that frames the mountains and cliffs in the background at Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park near Kanab, Utah. Afternoon light casts deep shadows in the dips and furrows of the...; Format: image/photograph

Hurricane overwash fan and houses: In Hurricanes on sandy shorelines: Lessons for development, page 15; Figure 12 shows some of the sand that was washed off the beach on Oak Island by Floyd. As we saw in the photos of Masonboro and Topsail Islands shown in Figures 6 and 7, some of Oak Island's beach sand ended up in an overwash fan landward of the original dune...; By Dirk Frankenberg.

A shuffling beetle at Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park: A beetle shuffles across the sand at Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park near Kanab, Utah. He leaves a set of rippled footprints behind him. The sand is eroded from Navajo sandstone from the Middle Jurassic geologic period, and its hue is derived from the same...; Format: image/photograph

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LEARN NC, a program of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Education, finds the most innovative and successful practices in K–12 education and makes them available to the teachers and students of North Carolina — and the world.