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K–12 teaching and learning · from the UNC School of Education

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Sadayu attacks Ravana's chariot
In The Ramayana, page 2.11
A twenty-armed and ten-headed demon king Ravana fights the eagle king Sadayu in a detail from an Indian Ramayana painting. Sadayu on the left is trying to pick out one of Ravana's eyes from one of his ten heads, while Ravana is using his twenty arms to wave...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Laksman is wounded
In The Ramayana, page 5.2
In this scene, the mortally wounded Laksman lies on his side near boulders in the forest. Rama sits close beside him while the monkey kings and courtiers gather in front of them in a semi-circle. The poison spear now rests on the ground as it has been pulled...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Ravana prepares a poison spear
In The Ramayana, page 5.1
Dressed in royal gold attire, the demon king Ravana sits in a luxurious crimson and blue T-shaped pavillion as he prepares a poisoned spear to fight Rama's army. Bowls of food and drink sit nearby for Ravana's comfort. Below the platform walking on the right...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Common artifacts: Lead shot
Common artifacts: Lead shot
Photograph of lead shot artifacts found at Occaneechi Town. The trade with Virginia provided the Occaneechi with flintlock muskets and pistols. Ammunition for such weapons consisted of small, spherical pieces of lead shot, many of which were found at the site.
Format: image/photograph
Ravana continues the fight
In The Ramayana, page 6.2
Ravana arrives on his chariot to fight, as seen in a mural detail at the Emerald Buddha Temple. The ten-armed Ravana perches atop his gold chariot wielding spears, swords, and lances in each hand. His remaining allies, dressed in gold, run at the sides of...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Colt Army Model 1860 revolver
Colt Army Model 1860 revolver
Format: image/photograph
Tourism and opportunism
In East from India: Cambodia and Southern Vietnam, page 19
Cambodia became awash with weapons and burdened by distrust after its civil wars in the 1970s, which were linked to the Vietnam War. After the wars, the growing population experienced high rates of unemployment and poverty as well as trauma. Many young men...
By Lorraine Aragon.
The bow of Siva
In The Ramayana, page 1.4
Here, Rama draws an arrow across his bow at a Ramayana dance performance held at Yogyakarta in July 1986. The Rama dancer wears a golden crown and a gold-trimmed red sash across his bare chest. He also wears the "broken sword" pattern batik of Yogyakarta's...
By Lorraine Aragon.
The Ramayana
The Hindu epic The Ramayana is retold through the mural, painting, and dance of Southeast Asia.
Format: book (multiple pages)
Ravana seems invincible
In The Ramayana, page 6.3
An Indian painting shows Rama shooting arrows in battle with Ravana's demons. On a bright yellow background, the painting shows Rama with dark blue skin stepping forward and shooting a volley of arrows with a drawn bow. He is wearing only a tunic skirt and...
By Lorraine Aragon.
Slingshot
Slingshot
Format: image/photograph
Books cannot be killed by fire (World War II poster)
Books cannot be killed by fire (World War II poster)
This World War II propaganda poster published by the U.S. government depicts enemy soldiers setting fire to a book that looms over them like a building. The book's cover reads: Books cannot be killed by fire. People die, but books...
Format: image/poster
Sharps rifle
Sharps rifle
A Sharps 1863 Carbine .50-70 caliber rifle.
Format: image/photograph
Twenty-armed Ravana fights eagle king Sadayu on Indian painting
Twenty-armed Ravana fights eagle king Sadayu on Indian painting
A twenty-armed and ten-headed demon king Ravana fights the eagle king Sadayu in a detail from an Indian Ramayana painting. Sadayu on the left is trying to pick out one of Ravana's eyes from one of his ten heads, while Ravana is using his twenty arms to wave...
Format: image/photograph
Outfitting a World War I soldier: Teaching US history with primary sources
What do soldiers wear? Students will say a uniform and mention boots. However, many of the necessities of soldiers are often overlooked by civilians whether the items be standard issue or personal.This lesson gives students the opportunity to not only look at William B. Umstead's artifacts from World War I, but gain insight into how and why each item was used.
Format: lesson plan (grade 8 Social Studies)
By Paulette Scott.
Springfield rifled musket and Enfield musketoon
Springfield rifled musket and  Enfield musketoon
Examples of small arms from the U.S. Civil War: An 1863 Springfield rifled musket (top) and Enfield musketoon.
Format: image/photograph
Patent drawing for Henry rifle, 1860
Patent drawing for Henry rifle, 1860
Patent drawing of the "Henry Rifle," the predecessor of the Winchester rifle, by Benjamin Tyler Henry.
Format: image/diagram
Two guards with machine guns who escort tourists to Banteay Srei Temple
Two guards with machine guns who escort tourists to Banteay Srei Temple
Two uniformed guards with automatic machine guns stand beside their red motorcycle on a dirt road near Siem Reap. These young men made a living by escorting and protecting foreign tourists who wished to visit Banteay Srei Temple in 1997. Hiring the guards...
Format: image/photograph
Three men on two motorcycles provide tourist escort to Banteay Srei Temple
Three men on two motorcycles provide tourist escort to Banteay Srei Temple
Looking through the front window of a tourist transport vehicle, three men on two motorcycles can be seen ahead providing tourists with a security escort to Banteay Srei Temple. These young men made a living by escorting and protecting foreign tourists who...
Format: image/photograph
Row of Union rifles, 1865
Row of Union rifles, 1865
In Petersburg, Virginia, a row of Union rifles stacked against each other during the Civil War. Houses can be seen beyond the guns.
Format: image/photograph