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1676 map of Carolina: 1676 map of Carolina drawn by British cartographer John Speed. This is one of the earliest published maps of the colony, and it reflects the colonists' limited understanding of the territory, as well as some amount of wishful thinking. The map appears to be...; Format: image/map

Amadas and Barlowe explore the Outer Banks: In Prehistory, contact, and the Lost Colony, page 4.5; On April 27, 1584, Captains Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe left the west coast of England in two ships to explore the North American coast for Sir Walter Raleigh. The party of explorers landed on July 13, 1584, on the North Carolina coast just north of Roanoke Island, and claimed the land in the name of Queen Elizabeth. Captain Barlowe's report describes the land and the people he encountered.; Format: journal

The Arrival of the Englishmen in Virginia: "The Arriual of the Englishmen in Virginia." Theodor de Bry's engraving of English ships arriving in North America, published in Thomas Hariot's 1588 book A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia. The image shows several ships...; Format: image/illustration

British migration to Roanoke: Push and pull factors: In Two worlds: Educator's guide, page 4.1; In this lesson, students will examine the push/pull factors that led settlers to attempt to settle Roanoke Island in the 1580s.; Format: lesson plan (grade 8 Social Studies); By Pauline S. Johnson.

The Carte of All the Coast of Virginia: Engraving by Theodor de Bry, based on John White's ca. 1585–1586 map of the coast of Virginia and North Carolina. The engraving was published in Thomas Hariot's 1588 book A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia. Theodor...; Format: image/map

Columbus taking possession of the New World: Painting of Christopher Columbus taking possession of the new world. In the painting, Columbus kneels on a rocky coast, with a flag in his left hand and a sword in his right. He is surrounded by European men, some of them bearing flags. In the background,...; Format: image/painting

Conquistador statue: This photograph shows a statue of Juan de Onate (1552-1626), Spanish conquistador and first governor of New Spain / New Mexico. The statue, by Reynaldo Rivera, stands in New Mexico.; Format: image/photograph

The De Soto expedition: In Prehistory, contact, and the Lost Colony, page 3.3; Hernando De Soto’s expedition through the southeastern United States in 1539–43 was one of the earliest of the early contacts between Europeans and native peoples. While historical documents tell the story of do Soto's journey, advances in both history and archaeology have enabled researchers to reconstruct the de Soto route.; Format: article

De Soto in America: In Two worlds: Educator's guide, page 3.4; In this lesson for grade 8, students will evaluate the effectiveness of the De Soto expedition through the interior of the southeastern United States in the years 1539-1543. They will examine the impact of that trip on the Native Americans. Students will engage in historical empathy as they put themselves in the place of the Native Americans and the Spanish soldiers who encountered them on the expedition.; Format: lesson plan; By Pauline S. Johnson.

The Death of John Lawson: Baron Christoph Von Graffenried's drawing, The Death of John Lawson, depicts Von Graffenried, his servant, and John Lawson being held captive by Tuscarora Indians shortly before Lawson's death. In the center of the drawing, the...; Format: image/illustration

Dig finds evidence of Spanish fort: Near Morganton, North Carolina, archaeologists are excavating what they believe to be the remnants of Juan Pardo's outpost at the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains. The 16th-century outpost, known as Fort San Juan, disappeared after Indians burned it to the ground.; Format: article

Discovery of the Mississippi: William H. Powell's painting, Discovery of the Mississippi, depicts Hernando de Soto's encounter with the Mississippi River in 1541. De Soto was the first European to view the river. In the painting, de Soto appears in armor on a white horse,...; Format: image/painting

Educator's guide: Spain and America: In Two worlds: Educator's guide, page 3.1; The article "Spain and America: From Reconquest to Conquest" introduces a lot of information and a number of issues that may be new to students. These suggestions will help you use the article in a way that best fits the needs of your class.; Format: /lesson plan (grade 8 Social Studies); By Pauline S. Johnson.

Elisha Mitchell and his mountain: In North Carolina in the New Nation, page 7.4; Elisha Mitchell, a professor at the University of North Carolina, demonstrated that the mountain in the Black Mountain range that now bears his name was the tallest in eastern North America. Thomas Clingman disagreed, and the two men waged a battle in newspapers. After Mitchell's death, the U.S. Geological Survey confirmed his discovery.; Format: article

England's flowering: In Prehistory, contact, and the Lost Colony, page 4.1; The reign of England's Queen Elizabeth (1558–1603) was marked by a proliferation of the arts, an expansion of private markets, and a dedication to world exploration and privateering.; Format: article

Fort Raleigh and the Lost Colony: In Prehistory, contact, and the Lost Colony, page 4.3; England's first two settlements in the New World differed in character and purpose: The first short-lived colony, inhabited entirely by men, was set up as a stake in the newly discovered Americas and a base of privateering against French and Spanish shipping. The second was intended as a permanent colony and was settled by men, women and children. Their disappearance is a mystery that remains unsolved nearly 400 years later.; Format: article

Garden of Eden: Theodor de Bry's drawing of the biblical Garden of Eden, published in Thomas Hariot's 1588 book A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia.; Format: image/illustration

Giovanni da Verrazzano: Black and white illustration of Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer who sailed on behalf of France. Verrazzano explored the Atlantic coast of North America in 1524, sailing between South Carolina and Newfoundland.; Format: image/illustration

Juan Pardo, the Indians of Guatari, and first contact: In Prehistory, contact, and the Lost Colony, page 3.4; The Guatari Indians lived in an influential settlement near Trading Ford and were led by a female chief. In 1567, they encountered Spanish explorers led by Captain Juan Pardo who came through the North Carolina Piedmont with grand hopes of creating a powerful empire.; Format: article

Kennedy's speech on space, May 1961: President John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs, delivered before a joint session of Congress, May 25, 1961.; Format: audio/speech

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