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The “Old Fire”: Smoke billows from the “Old Fire,” a wildfire that raged in the San Bernardino Mountains of California in the fall of 2003. In this view from a distant peak, gray-white smoke rises in great clouds from green mountains, partly obscuring a sky with...; Format: image/photograph

Antislavery feeling in the mountains: In Antebellum North Carolina, page 1.12; In this excerpt from his book (1860), Frederick Law Olmsted describes his interactions with residents of the Appalachian region and their opinions on slavery. Includes historical commentary. Note: This source contains explicit language or content that requires mature discussion.; Format: book; Commentary and sidebar notes by David Walbert.

Bald rock at Black Mountain ridge summit: A spot of bald rock at the top of a ridge in the Black Mountains. This photo was taken at Mount Mitchell State Park, North Carolina.; Format: image/photograph

Big Tom plaque: This plaque in honor of Thomas David ("Big Tom") Wilson is set into the rock at the summit of Big Tom, a mountain in the Black Mountain range named after Wilson. The plaque reads: Big Tom Altitude 6580 feet Named after Thomas David ("Big Tom")...; Format: image/photograph

Black Mountain view: Photo of the Black Mountains, a sub-range of the Appalachians, taken from the summit of a ridge line in Mount Mitchell State Park, N.C.; Format: image/photograph

Bronze plaque honoring Elisha Mitchell: Plaque honoring Elisha Mitchell, for whom Mt. Mitchell in North Carolina is named. Elisha Mitchell measured the height of the mountain — the highest point east of the Mississippi River — in 1835. A 12-foot tall bronze monument was placed on the...; Format: image/photograph

Bull Mountain, Virginia: Bull Mountain, in Patrick County, Virginia, seen from a distance.; Format: image/photograph

Climate on north- and south-facing slopes: In Roan Mountain Highlands, page 16; Figure 14 shows the interior of a higher elevation forest showing the abundance of birches and beeches that typify the northern hardwoods community. This photo also shows and interesting feature of climate differences on north and south facing slopes. The...; By Jennifer Godwin-Wyer and Dirk Frankenberg.

A creek at middle elevations: In Roan Mountain Highlands, page 18; Figure 16 shows the same creek as that in Figure 15, but at an elevation about 1000 feet closer to sea level. Note the almost uniform roundness of the boulder edges when compared to those in Figure 15. The boulders here are also smaller than those in Figure...; By Jennifer Godwin-Wyer and Dirk Frankenberg.

A creek at the base of Roan Highlands: In Roan Mountain Highlands, page 19; Figure 17 shows some of the downstream damage wrought by the January 1998 flood. I regret it is not easy to make out, but the creek is, at this low flow stage, the narrow water body flowing from upper left to lower right at the base of the steep bank from...; By Jennifer Godwin-Wyer and Dirk Frankenberg.

Deer fleeing a wildfire: Two deer stand in a road surrounded by the flames of a forest fire. The woods and the mountainside behind them glow bright orange from the fire, and a few trees nearer in are silhouetted by the glow.; Format: image/photograph

Elisha Mitchell and his mountain: In North Carolina in the New Nation, page 7.4; Elisha Mitchell, a professor at the University of North Carolina, demonstrated that the mountain in the Black Mountain range that now bears his name was the tallest in eastern North America. Thomas Clingman disagreed, and the two men waged a battle in newspapers. After Mitchell's death, the U.S. Geological Survey confirmed his discovery.; Format: article

Elisha Mitchell explores the mountains: In North Carolina in the New Nation, page 7.5; Letter from Elisha Mitchell to his wife while doing a geologic survey in northwestern North Carolina, 1828. Mitchell discusses his work, the places he stayed, and the people he met. Includes historical commentary as well as a contemporary map and a Google map with relevant locations marked.; Format: letter; Commentary and sidebar notes by David Walbert and L. Maren Wood.

Fraser firs at Mount Mitchell State Park: Photo of Fraser firs in the Black Mountains, taken at Mount Mitchell State Park, North Carolina. The mountain range gets its name from the dark color of the Fraser firs, which once covered the upper slopes of the mountains, causing them to appear black from...; Format: image/photograph

The growth of tourism: Warm Springs: In North Carolina in the New South, page 5.9; Advertisement for Warm Springs (now Hot Springs) in Madison County, North Carolina, from the late nineteenth century. Includes historical commentary about the region, tourism, and nineteenth-century medicine.; Format: pamphlet; Commentary and sidebar notes by L. Maren Wood.

High Elevation in Small Headwater Drainage Creek: Format: image/photograph

A high-elevation creek: In Roan Mountain Highlands, page 17; Figure 15 shows another view of the high-elevation northern hardwoods community with the headwaters of a typical mountain drainage creek. Note the relatively large size and square shape of the stones in the creek. This is what we would expect in small headwater...; By Jennifer Godwin-Wyer and Dirk Frankenberg.

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